新型激光光源在水稻育苗中的应用进展

Progress in the application of new laser light source in rice seedling production

水稻幼苗需要充足的光照才能正常生长,早春育苗的增温需求推动了温室、大棚和工厂化设施育苗的发展,但由于玻璃、塑料等棚膜材质对阳光的反射和吸收,设施育苗缺光问题凸显。补充光照可以较好解决设施育苗缺光问题,以LED为代表的补光光源已经在设施育苗中得到推广应用,但其依然存在能耗居高不下的问题。激光是人工光源中唯一与太阳光具有平行光特性的光源,具有相关性好、单色性好、方向性好、亮度高、能量大、光电转换效率高、节能等特点。但以氦氖激光为代表的传统激光光源体积大、成本高,难以在作物生长中应用和普及。采用半导体激光器结合匀光技术开发新型激光光源,体积小、成本低,可以实现对水稻秧苗的大面积均匀激光辐照,其单灯照射面积可以达到60~70 m^(2)。同时新型激光光源在保留传统激光相关性、单色性、方向性的同时,还具有高效节能的特点,能耗仅为传统LED光源1/30。研究表明,在水稻育苗过程中采用新型激光光源进行合理辐照,可以提升秧苗品质,插秧后返青快,分蘖多,抽穗早,最终实现水稻的稳产、增产。自2021年以来在全国多地试验结果表明,采用新型激光光源在插秧前辐照水稻秧苗20 d左右,可以实现超过10%的增产。这一结果不仅为我国水稻提质增效提供了重要的技术支撑和保障,也为其他植物在各阶段补光提供了新的方法和手段。

Rice seedlings need sufficient light for normal growth.The increasing temperature demand of early spring seedling has promoted the development of greenhouses,greenhouses and factory facilities.However,due to the reflection and absorption of sunlight by glass and plastic,the lack of light in facility seedlings is prominent.Supplementary lighting can better solve the problem of lack of light in facility seedling,LED as the representative of the supplementary light source has been promoted and applied in facility seedling,but it still has high energy consumption problem.Laser is the only artificial light source with parallel light characteristics of sunlight,with good correlation,good monochromism,good directivity,high brightness,large energy,photoelectric conversion efficiency,energy saving and so on.Studies have shown that the special light quality of laser can effectively improve the photosynthesis efficiency of seedlings.The traditional laser light source represented by He-Ne laser is large in volume,high in cost,and difficult to be popularized.Using semiconductor laser combined with uniform light technology to develop a new laser light source,small size,low cost,can achieve a large area of uniform laser irradiation of rice seedlings,the single lamp irradiation area can reach 60-70 square meters.At the same time,the new laser light source retains the traditional laser correlation,monochromism and directivity,and also has the characteristics of high efficiency and energy saving,and the energy consumption can be only 1/30 of the traditional LED light source.The results showed that reasonable irradiation of new laser light source in the process of rice seedling cultivation can improve the quality of seedlings,fast greening after transplanting,more tillers,early heading,and finally achieve stable and increased rice yield.Since 2021,the test results in many places across the country have shown that the use of a new laser light source to irradiate rice seedlings for about 20 days before transplanting can achieve a yield increase of more than 10%.This result not only provided important technical support and guarantee for improving the quality and yield of rice in China,but also provided a new method and means for other plants to fill light at various stages.