发酵饲料在水产养殖中的研究进展

Research Progress of Fermented Feed in Aquaculture

随着水产养殖业的高速发展,鱼粉资源紧缺,价格持续攀升,使得植物蛋白质源在水产饲料中的占比逐渐增大,但是植物蛋白质源含有的抗营养因子导致饲料利用率低下,并对水产动物健康造成不利影响。近年来,大量研究表明,发酵饲料可增强饲料的适口性,有助于提高水产动物对饲料中蛋白质、氨基酸、小肽和糖类等营养物质的利用率,并且生物发酵技术可降低植物蛋白质源中的抗营养因子,增加饲料中营养物质含量,提高水产动物机体健康水平和免疫力。本文主要论述发酵饲料的作用机理、主要的发酵菌种、发酵饲料在水产养殖中的应用以及存在的不足之处与前景展望,以便为发酵饲料在水产养殖中的应用提供参考。

With the rapid development of aquaculture industry and the shortage of fish meal resources,the proportion of plant protein source in feed is gradually increasing,but the anti-nutritional factors in plant protein source lead to low feed utilization,and it also have adverse effects on the health of aquatic animals.In recent years,a large number of studies have shown that fermented feed can improve the growth and palatability of feeds,help to improve the utilization rates of nutrients such as protein,amino acids,small peptides,carbohydrates,etc.by aquatic animals.In addition,biofermentation technology can reduce the antinutritional factors in plant protein sources,increase the nutrient contents of feed,and improve the health level and immunity of aquatic animals.This paper mainly discussed the mechanism of fermented feed,the main strains of fermented bacteria,and the research progress,remaining shortcomings and prospects of fermented feed in aquaculture in order to provide reference for the application of fermented feed in aquaculture.