饲粮中添加油莎豆或油莎豆粕对妊娠后期母猪繁殖性能、血清免疫指标和粪便微生物组成的影响

Effects of Dietary Addition of Tiger Nut or Tiger Nut Meal on Reproductive Performance,Serum Immune Indexes and Fecal Microbial Composition of Sows in Late Pregnancy

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加油莎豆或油莎豆粕对妊娠后期母猪繁殖性能、血清免疫指标、胎盘活性因子、粪便短链脂肪酸含量和粪便微生物组成的影响。本试验选择胎次、体况和妊娠期一致的初产妊娠母猪70头,随机分为7组,分别为对照组(CK组)、5%油莎豆添加组(5%TN组)、10%油莎豆添加组(10%TN组)、15%油莎豆添加组(15%TN组)、10%油莎豆粕添加组(10%TNM组)、15%油莎豆粕添加组(15%TNM组)、20%油莎豆粕添加组(20%TNM组),每组10个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验从母猪妊娠第70天开始至分娩结束。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,5%TN组和20%TNM组的产程显著缩短(P<0.05);10%TN组和10%TNM组的健仔率显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,10%TN组、15%TN组和10%TNM组血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著降低(P<0.05);油莎豆添加组、10%TNM组和15%TNM组血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量显著升高(P<0.05);油莎豆添加组、油莎豆粕添加组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和内毒素含量均显著降低(P<0.05);油莎豆添加组血清连蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05);油莎豆添加组胎盘组织中一氧化氮(NO)、血管内皮生成因子(VEGF)含量和内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)活性显著提升(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,油莎豆添加组、油莎豆粕添加组粪便中的丙酸含量显著升高(P<0.05);10%TN组和10%TNM组粪便中的丁酸含量显著升高(P<0.05);10%TNM组和20%TNM组粪便中的异丁酸和异戊酸含量显著升高(P<0.05)。4)在属水平粪便微生物组成上,与对照组相比,10%TN组毛螺菌科NK4A136群、狄氏副拟杆菌属、巨球型菌属、g_Lachnoclostridium、普雷沃氏菌科UCG-004群相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05);10%TNM组g_Lachnoclostridium、普雷沃氏菌科UCG-004群相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加10%油莎豆或10%油莎豆粕可以显著提升妊娠后期母猪的健仔率和血清免疫指标;饲粮中添加油莎豆可以显著提升母猪胎盘活性因子的含量或活性;饲粮中添加10%油莎豆或10%油莎豆粕可以调控母猪肠道微生物组成,增加肠道中短链脂肪酸含量。

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary addition of tiger nut or tiger nut meal on reproductive performance,serum immune indexes,placental activity factors,fecal short-chain fatty acid contents and fecal microbial composition of sows in late gestation.In this experiment,70 primiparous gestating sows with the same litter size,body condition and gestation period were selected and randomly divided into 7 groups,which were control group(CK group),5%tiger nut addition group(5%TN group),10%tiger nut addition group(10%TN group),15%tiger nut addition group(15%TN group),10%tiger nut meal addition group(10%TNM group),15%tiger nut meal addition group(15%TNM group),and 20%tiger nut meal addition group(20%TNM group),with 10 replicates of 1 pig per group.The experiment was conducted from the 70th day of gestation to the end of farrowing.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the length of labor was significantly shorter in the 5%TN group and 20%TNM group(P<0.05);the healthy litter rate was significantly higher in both the 10%TN group and 10%TNM group(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,serum interleukin-6(IL-6)content was significantly lower in the 10%TN group,15%TN group,and 10%NM group(P<0.05);serum interleukin-10(IL-10)content in the tiger nut added group,10%TNM group and 15%TNM group was significantly higher(P<0.05);serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)and exdotoxin contents were significantly lower in both tiger nut and tiger nut meal added groups(P<0.05);and serum zonulin content was significantly lower in tiger nut added groups(P<0.05).nitric oxide(NO),vascular endothelial generating factor(VEGF)contents and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)activity were significantly elevated in the placental tissues of the tiger nut added groups(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,propionic acid content in the feces of the tiger nut added group and tiger nut meal added groups(P<0.05);butyric acid content was found to be a significant component in both the 10%TN group and 10%TNM group(P<0.05).Isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid contents were significantly higher in the 10%TNM group and 20%TNM group(P<0.05).4)At the genus level of fecal microbial composition,compared with the control group,10%TN group of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,Parabacteroides,Megasphaera,Lachnoclostridium,and Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 group in the 10%TN group compared with the control group(P<0.05),and g_Lachnoclostridium and Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 group in the 10%TNM group(P<0.05).In conclusion,the addition of 10%tiger nut or 10%tiger nut meal to the diet can significantly improve the healthy litter rate and serum immune indexes of sows in the late gestation period;the addition of tiger nut to the diet can significantly enhance the content or activity of placental activating factor in sows;the addition of 10%of tiger nut or 10%of tiger nut meal to the diet can significantly regulate the intestinal microbial composition of sows and increase the contents of short-chain fatty acids in the intestine.