丁香酚和月桂酸单甘油酯纳米乳对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力和肠道健康的影响

Effects of Eugenol and Glycerol Monolaurate Nanoemulsion on Growth Performance,Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Health of Broilers

本试验旨在研究在饮水中添加丁香酚(EUG)和月桂酸单甘油酯(GML)纳米乳对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力和肠道健康的影响。选择1日龄、平均体重为(39.15±0.11)g的白羽肉鸡600只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。各组均饲喂基础饲粮,其中对照组正常饮水,试验组分别在饮水中添加0.5、1.0、3.0、5.0 mL/L的EUG和GML纳米乳。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饮水中添加1.0和3.0 mL/L的EUG和GML纳米乳显著提高了21、42日龄体重及1~21日龄、22~42日龄、1~42日龄平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低了22~42日龄、1~42日龄料重比(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饮水中添加1.0和3.0 mL/L的EUG和GML纳米乳显著提高了血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05),显著降低了血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05);饮水中添加3.0 mL/L的EUG和GML纳米乳显著提高了血清超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饮水中添加1.0、3.0和5.0 mL/L的EUG和GML纳米乳显著提高了十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度(P<0.05),显著降低了十二指肠隐窝深度(P<0.05);饮水中添加1.0和3.0 mL/L的EUG和GML纳米乳显著提高了十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饮水中添加3.0和5.0 mL/L的EUG和GML纳米乳显著降低十二指肠和空肠肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-1β基因相对表达量(P<0.05),饮水中添加1.0和3.0 mL/L的EUG和GML纳米乳显著提高了十二指肠和空肠白细胞介素-10基因相对表达量(P<0.05)。5)各组的盲肠菌群ACE、Chao1、Shannon和Simpson指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,饮水中添加3.0 mL/L的EUG和GML纳米乳提高了盲肠拟杆菌门相对丰度,降低了厚壁菌门相对丰度。由此可见,饮水中添加EUG与GML纳米乳可增强肉鸡抗氧化能力,改善肉鸡肠道形态、炎症反应和菌群结构,提高肉鸡生长性能。在本试验中,饮水中EUG和GML纳米乳的适宜添加水平为3.0 mL/L。

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of eugenol(EUG)and glycerol monolaurate(GML)nanoemulsion added in drinking water on the growth performance,antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of broiler chickens.A total of 600 one-day-old white feathered broilers with similar body weight of(39.15±0.11)g were randomly divide into 5 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 20 chickens in each replicate.Broilers in all groups were fed a basal diet,which broilers in the control group were drinking water normally,and broilers in experimental groups were added 0.5,1.0,3.0 and 5.0 mL/L EUG and GML nanoemulsion in drinking water,respectively.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,adding 1.0 and 3.0 mL/L EUG and GML nanoemulsion to drinking water significantly increased the body weight at 21 and 42 days of age and daily weight gain during 1 to 21 days of age,22 to 42 days of age and 1 to 42 days of age(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the feed to gain ratio during 22 to 42 days of age and 1 to 42 days of age(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,adding 1.0 and 3.0 mL/L EUG and GML nanoemulsion to drinking water significantly increased the serum total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the serum malondialdehyde content(P<0.05);adding 3.0 mL/L EUG and GML nanoemulsion to drinking water significantly increased the serum superoxide dismutase activity(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,adding 1.0,3.0 and 5.0 mL/L EUG and GML nanoemulsion to drinking water significantly increased the duodenal and jejunal villus height(P<0.05),and significantly decreased the duodenal crypt depth(P<0.05);adding 1.0 and 3.0 mL/L EUG and GML nanoemulsion to drinking water significantly increased the duodenal and jejunal villus height/crypt depth(P<0.05).4)Compared with the control group,adding 3.0 and 5.0 mL/L EUG and GML nanoemulsion to drinking water significantly decreased the gene relative expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-1βin duodenum and jejunum(P<0.05),and adding 1.0 and 3.0 mL/L EUG and GML nanoemulsion to drinking water significantly increased the gene relative expression level of interleukin-10 in duodenum and jejunum(P<0.05).5)There were no significant differences in the cecal microflora ACE,Chao1,Shannon and Simpson indexes among all groups(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,adding 3.0 mL/L EUG and GML nanoemulsion to drinking water increased the cecal Bacteroidetes relative abundance,and decreased the Firmicutes relative abundance.In summary,adding EUG and GML nanoemulsion to drinking water can enhance the antioxidant capacity,improve the intestinal morphology,inflammatory response and microbial structure,then increase the growth performance of broilers.In this experiment,the suitable added level of EUG and GML nanoemulsion in drinking water is 3.0 mL/L.