饲粮不同替代水平水培小麦苗对绵羊生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响

Effects of Different Dietary Replacement Levels of Hydroponic Wheat Seedlings on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Sheep

本试验旨在探究采用不同水平水培小麦苗替代基础饲粮对绵羊生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响。选取体重[(27.93±2.16)kg]相近的4月龄湖羊公羔50只,随机分为5组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别用水培小麦苗按5%、10%、15%和20%的水平(干物质基础)替代基础饲粮。试验期77 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期67 d,并在正试期第61~67天进行消化试验。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,各水培小麦苗替代组绵羊平均日增重(ADG)显著或极显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01),干物质采食量(DMI)极显著提高(P<0.01)。2)与对照组相比,15%水培小麦苗替代组干物质(DM)和粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),10%、15%和20%水培小麦苗替代组粗蛋白质(CP)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)表观消化率显著或极显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)与对照组相比,10%、15%和20%水培小麦苗替代组绵羊血清甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著降低(P<0.01),15%和20%水培小麦苗替代组血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量极显著提高(P<0.01)。15%水培小麦苗替代组血清尿素氮(UN)含量显著或极显著低于5%、10%和20%水培小麦苗替代组(P<0.05或P<0.01);与对照组相比,15%和20%水培小麦苗替代组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著或极显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),10%和20%水培小麦苗替代组血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,15%和20%水培小麦苗替代组绵羊血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性极显著提高(P<0.01),血清白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。5)在各组饲粮条件下,15%水培小麦苗替代组单只绵羊的经济效益最高。综上所述,采用水培小麦苗部分替代基础饲粮可提高绵羊饲粮消化利用率,降低血脂水平,提高蛋白质代谢利用率以及机体免疫性能和抗氧化能力,进而促进其生长,提高经济效益;在本试验条件下,水培小麦苗适宜添加水平为15%。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of hydroponic wheat seedlings replacing basal diet on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indices of sheep.Fifty 4-month-old Hu male lambs with similar body weight of(27.93±2.16)kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 replicates per group and 1 lamb per replicate.Sheep in the control group were fed a basal diet,and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet replaced by hydroponic wheat seedlings at 5%,10%,15%and 20%levels(dry matter basis),respectively.The experiment lasted for 77 days,including 10 days of pre-trial period and 67 days of trial period,and the digestive experiment was carried out on days 61 to 67 of the trial period.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the average daily gain(ADG)of sheep in hydroponic wheat seedling replacement groups was significantly or extremely significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the dry matter intake(DMI)was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01).2)Compared with the control group,the apparent digestibilities of dry matter(DM)and ether extract(EE)in 15%hydroponic wheat seedling replacement group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the apparent digestibilities of crude protein(CP)and neutral detergent fiber(NDF)in 10%,15%and 20%hydroponic wheat seedling replacement groups were significantly or extremely significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).3)Compared with the control group,the serum triglyceride(TG)content of sheep in 10%,15%and 20%hydroponic wheat seedling replacement groups was extremely significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the serum high density lipoprotein(HDL)content in 15%and 20%hydroponic wheat seedling replacement groups was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01).The serum urea nitrogen(UN)content in 15%hydroponic wheat seedling replacement group was significantly or extremely significantly lower than that in 5%,10%and 20%hydroponic wheat seedling replacement groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the serum alanine transaminase(ALT)activity in 15%and 20%hydroponic wheat seedling replacement groups was significantly or extremely significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the serum aspartic transaminase(AST)activity in 10%and 20%hydroponic wheat seedling replacement groups was significantly increased(P<0.05).4)Compared with the control group,the serum superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of sheep in 15%and 20%hydroponic wheat seedling replacement groups was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and the serum interleukin-1β(IL-1β)content was significantly decreased(P<0.05).5)Under the dietary conditions of each group,the economic benefit of single sheep in 15%hydroponic wheat seedling replacement group was the highest.In conclusion,partial replacement of basal diet with hydroponic wheat seedlings can improve dietary digestibility and utilization,reduce blood lipid levels,improve protein metabolic utilization,immune performance and antioxidant capacity of sheep,thereby promoting their growth and improving economic benefits.Under the experimental conditions,the optimum supplemental level of hydroponic wheat seedlings is 15%.