姜黄素改善氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼肠道的不利影响

Curcumin Improves Adverse Effects of Oxidized Fish Oil on Intestine of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

本试验旨在研究姜黄素对饲喂含氧化鱼油饲料的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)肠道消化酶活性、组织形态及菌群结构的影响。设计6种等氮等脂试验饲料,饲料中分别添加3%新鲜鱼油(T1组)、3%氧化鱼油(T2组)、3%氧化鱼油+0.02%姜黄素(T3组)、3%氧化鱼油+0.04%姜黄素(T4组)、3%氧化鱼油+0.06%姜黄素(T5组)、3%氧化鱼油+0.08%姜黄素(T6组)。选取初始体重为(19.6±0.3)g的健康黄颡鱼720尾,随机分为6组,分别饲喂上述6种试验饲料,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。养殖周期为56 d。结果显示:与T1组相比,T2组肠道消化酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05),但肠道绒毛长度显著降低(P<0.05);在属水平下,T2组假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和罗尔斯通氏菌属(Ralstonia)的相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05),鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05)。与T2组相比,T6组肠道胰蛋白酶活性、绒毛宽度、杯状细胞数显著增加(P<0.05),T4~T6组肠道脂肪酶活性显著增加(P<0.05),T3~T6组肠道绒毛长度显著增加(P>0.05),T3和T6组肠道肌层厚度显著增加(P<0.05);在属水平下,T4组梭状芽孢杆菌属(Clostridium)和分节丝状菌属(Candidatus_Arthromitus)的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05),T4~T6组Pseudomonas的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05),Cetobacterium的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),T5和T6组Ralstonia的相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05)。随着饲料中姜黄素添加量的增加,肠道脂肪酶活性呈线性效应(P=0.001),绒毛长度呈二次效应(P<0.001),绒毛宽度呈线性(P=0.001)和二次效应(P<0.001),杯状细胞数呈线性(P=0.030)和二次效应(P=0.007);属水平上,Pseudomonas的相对丰度呈线性(P<0.001)和二次效应(P<0.001),Cetobacterium的相对丰度呈线性(P=0.001)和二次效应(P=0.001),Ralstonia的相对丰度呈二次效应(P<0.001)。综上可知,饲料中添加3%氧化鱼油诱导了黄颡鱼肠道组织结构损伤,而添加0.04%~0.08%姜黄素能够提高黄颡鱼肠道胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性以及有益菌Pseudomonas和Candidatus_Arthromitus的相对丰度,改善氧化鱼油诱导的肠绒毛结构损伤。

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of curcumin on the intestinal digestive enzyme activities,tissue morphology and microflora structure of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fed diets containing oxidized fish oil.Six isoproteic and isolipidic diets were prepared which contained 30%fresh fish oil(T1 group),30%oxidised fish oil(T2 group),30%oxidized fish oil+0.02%curcumin(T3 group),30%oxidized fish oil+0.04%curcumin(T4 group),30%oxidized fish oil+0.06%curcumin(T5 group)and 30%oxidized fish oil+0.08%curcumin(T6 group).A total of 720 healthy Pelteobagrus fulvidraco with an initial body weight of(19.6±0.3)g were randomly distributed into six groups(four replicates in each group and 30 fish in each replicate),which were fed with each of the 6 experimental diets.The feeding trial was lasted for 56 days.The results showed as follows:compared with the T1 group,there was no significant difference in intestinal digestive enzyme activities in the T2 group(P>0.05),but the length of intestinal villi was significantly reduced(P<0.05);at the genus level,the relative abundances of Pseudomonas and Ralstonia were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Cetobacterium was significantly increased in the T2 group(P<0.05).Compared with the T2 group,the intestinal trypsin activity,villus width,goblet cell number were significantly increased in the T6 group(P<0.05),the intestinal lipase activity was significantly increased in the T4 to T6 groups(P<0.05),the intestinal villus length was significantly increased in the T3 to T6 groups(P<0.05),and the intestinal muscular thickness was significantly increased in the T3 and T6 groups(P<0.05);at the genus level,the relative abundances of Clostridium and Candidatus_Arthromitus were significantly increased in the T4 group(P<0.05),the relative abundance of Pseudomonas was significantly increased(P<0.05)and the relative abundance of Cetobacterium was significantly decreased(P<0.05)in the T4 to T6 groups,the relative abundance of Ralstonia was significantly increased in the T5 and T6 groups(P<0.05).As dietary curcumin supplemental levels increasing,the intestinal lipase activity showed a linear effect(P=0.001),the villi length showed a quadratic effect(P<0.001),the villi width showed a linear effect(P=0.001)and a quadratic effect(P<0.001),and the goblet cell number showed a linear effect(P=0.030)and a quadratic effect(P=0.007);at genus level,the relative abundance of Pseudomonas showed a linear effect(P<0.001)and a quadratic effect(P<0.001),the relative abundance of Cetobacterium showed a linear effect(P=0.001)and a quadratic effect(P=0.001),and the relative abundance of Ralstonia showed a quadratic effect(P<0.001).In conclusion,adding 3%oxidized fish oil in the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco diet induces intestinal tissue structure damage,and adding 0.04%to 0.08%of curcumin can increase the intestinal trypsin and lipase activities as well as the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria Pseudomonas and Candidatus_Arthromitus,and repair the structural damage to intestinal villius of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco induced by oxidized fish oil.