3种高效疏花剂在‘瑞阳’苹果上的应用研究

Study on The Application of Three Efficient Flower Thinning Agents on‘Ruiyang'Apple

【目的】探究3种疏花剂在‘瑞阳’苹果上的疏花效果及适宜的使用方法,优选出‘瑞阳’苹果的节本增效化学疏花方法,为‘瑞阳’苹果花果管理提供参考依据。【方法】选用TMN-6、石硫合剂和有机钙制剂3种不同疏花剂,在中心花开75%、全树花开75%时喷施不同浓度的疏花剂,研究不同疏花剂对苹果新品种‘瑞阳’的疏花效果,筛选对‘瑞阳’具有较好疏花效果的疏花剂,并确定其有效的使用浓度和使用时间。【结果】0.5波美度石硫合剂处理的‘瑞阳’苹果花序坐果率、花朵坐果率、空台率和单双果率分别为64.83%、37.23%、35.17%和52.02%,优于人工疏花和清水对照处理,其次是1.0波美度石硫合剂和150倍有机钙制剂处理,比人工疏花可节约人工85%、87%,可节约成本投入62%~75%。综上所述,对‘瑞阳’疏花效果较好的疏花剂为0.5波美度石硫合剂、1.0波美度石硫合剂和150倍有机钙制剂。【结论】对‘瑞阳’苹果来说,石硫合剂和有机钙制剂处理疏花效果优于TMN-6,其中疏花效果最显著的是0.5波美度石硫合剂处理,在‘瑞阳’苹果中心花开75%、全树花开75%时分别喷施1次,可节约人工87%、节约成本投入75%。

【Objective】To explore the flower thinning effect and appropriate use method of three kinds of flower thinning agents on‘Ruiyang'apple,and to explore a chemical flower thinning method for saving cost and increasing efficiency of‘Ruiyang'apple,so as to provide practical reference for flower and fruit management of‘Ruiyang'apple.【Methods】Three different flower thinning agents,TMN-6,lithosulfuric acid and organic calcium preparation,were selected to spray different concentrations of flower thinning agents at 75%of center flower opening and 75%of the whole tree's blossom.The flower thinning effect of different flower thinning agents on the new apple cultivar‘Ruiyang'was studied in order to find a flower thinning agent with good flower thinning effect on‘Ruiyang',and to determine its effective concentration and time of use.【Results】The fruiting rate of inflorescences,fruiting rate of flowers,empty stage rate and single and double fruiting rate of 0.5°B lithosulphide treatment were 64.83%,37.23%,35.17%and 52.02%,respectively,which were better than that of manual flower thinning and the control treatment with water,followed by 1.0°B lithosulphide and 150 times of organic calcium preparation,and it could save labor by 85%-87%and input cost by 62%-75%compared with that of manual flower thinning.Input cost savings ranged from 62%to 75%.To sum up,0.5°B lithosulfuric compound,1.0°B lithosulfuric compound and 150 times organic calcium preparation are more effective for flower thinning of‘Ruiyang'.【Conclusion】For‘Ruiyang'apples,the sulfuric acid and organic calcium treatments were more effective than TMN-6 in flower thinning,and the most significant flower thinning effect was the 0.5°B sulfuric acid treatment sprayed once at 75%of the center flower and 75%of the whole tree,which could save 87%of the labor and 75%of the input cost.