五种消毒方法对医用口罩颗粒过滤效率的影响

Effect of Five Disinfection Methods on Particle Filtration Efficiency of Medical Mask

采用干热法、紫外照射法、75%酒精喷洒法、75%酒精浸泡法、水煮法五种方法处理医用口罩后,分别测定处理前后口罩颗粒过滤效率(PFE),并用扫描电镜观察处理前后口罩熔喷非织造布的纤维结构,以考察不同消毒方式对口罩PFE、熔喷非织造布纤维结构的影响,研究可使口罩重复利用的有效方法。试验发现,干热法、紫外照射法处理的样品,PFE没有发生显著变化。在PFE值较低的区间段(21.3%~41.3%),口罩经过75%酒精喷洒法、75%酒精浸泡法、水煮法三种方法处理后,测得PFE值增加;在PFE值较高的区间段(91.2%~95.2%),测得PFE减小。扫描电镜观察发现大部分口罩经75%酒精喷洒法、75%酒精浸泡法、水煮法三种方法处理后纤维直径减小,而干热法与紫外照射法处理后纤维结构无明显变化。因此,对于PFE较低的口罩,推荐优先选择75%酒精浸泡法、75%酒精喷洒法、水煮法的处理方法对口罩进行消毒。对于PFE较高的口罩,可任意选择上述五种处理方法进行消毒。

The medical masks were treated by dry heat method,ultraviolet irradiation method,75%alcohol spraying method,75%alcohol soaking method and water boiling method,and the particle filtration efficien⁃cy(PFE)of the masks were measured before and after treatment,and the fiber structure of the melt-blown nonwovens of the masks was observed by scanning electron microscopy,in order to investigate the influence of different disinfection methods on the PFE and fiber structure of melt-blown nonwovens,and research an effective method to reuse masks.It is found that PFE does not change significantly in the samples treated by dry heat method and ultraviolet irradiation method.In the interval segment with low PFE value(21.3%~41.3%),the PFE value of the masks treated with 75%alcohol spraying method,75%alcohol soaking meth⁃od and water boiling method increases.The PFE value decreases in the higher PFE value(91.2%~95.2%).Scanning electron microscopy shows that the fiber diameter of most masks decreases after the treatment of 75%alcohol spraying method,75%alcohol soaking method and water boiling method,while the fiber struc⁃ture does not change significantly after dry heat method and ultraviolet irradiation method.Therefore,for masks with low PFE,it is recommended to preferentially choose the treatment methods of 75%alcohol soak⁃ing method,75%alcohol spraying method and water boiling method to sterilize the masks.For masks with high PFE,the above five treatment methods can be arbitrarily selected for disinfection.