高速公路网联自动驾驶专用车道物理基础设施设计方法研究综述

A Review of Physical Infrastructure Design Methods for Dedicated Lane for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles on Highway

为深入探究网联自动驾驶专用车道的物理基础设施设计对交通性能的影响,从专用车道的部署条件、专用车道的接入方式、以及专用车道与普通车道的分隔方式等3个方面进行梳理,明确了现有研究的理论基础与实践进展,构建了这些方面对交通系统性能的影响关系框架,并指出了当前研究中存在的空白和未来研究的发展方向。结果表明:目前对网联自动驾驶专用车道部署条件的研究主要聚焦在交通效率上,缺少对交通安全的评估,且不同的研究假设导致了研究结果的差异,在未来研究中需要对部署条件进行精确评估;有关接入方式的研究则显示常规的自由接入和有限接入各有优势,但2种接入方式的优势条件有待进一步检验,建议借鉴高载客率车辆(high occupancy vehicle,HOV)专用车道接入方式的设计,在网联自动驾驶专用车道场景下对其进行重新评估;有关分隔方式的研究显示需要确认网联自动驾驶专用车道与普通车道的分隔方式对人类驾驶员适应性行为的影响,以确保驾驶者能够有效适应专用车道的部署。总体而言,目前研究虽有一定进展,但由于缺乏实际的道路案例与部署效果验证,基于仿真的方法由于假设等方面的差异使得研究结论有较大的分歧。未来的研究应重点聚焦在网联自动驾驶行为的精确化、横纵向对比研究、以及量化网联自动驾驶专用车道设计对安全效率的影响等方向进行改进。

To thoroughly explore the impacts of the physical infrastructure design of dedicated lanes(DL)for Con-nected and autonomous vehicle(CAV)on traffic performances,this paper systematically sorted out the ongoing progress in three domains,namely,DL deployment conditions,DL access types,and separation types between DL and general-purpose lanes.It clarifies the theoretical foundations and practical advancements of existing research,constructing a framework that outlines the relationship between physical infrastructure and traffic system perfor-mance,and such endeavor has shed light on the research gaps and future direction in this regard.The results indicate that current studies on DL deployment conditions primarily focus on traffic efficiency,while assessments of traffic safety are relatively lacking.Divergent conclusions in existing research stem from different assumptions,thus de-manding more precise evaluations of DL deployment conditions in future research.Concerning the access types,both limited access and continuous access have their advantages,yet the embodiment conditions of such advantages require further validation.The design of high occupancy vehicle(HOV)lane access types can also be used for re-evaluation in the scenario of DL.It is essential to ascertain how the separation methods between DL and regular lanes affect the adaptability of human drivers,ensuring their effective adjustment to DL deployment.In general,al-though some progress has been made in current research,the lack of real-world cases and actual deployment effect verification means that simulation-based methods often yield varying conclusions due to differences in assumptions and other factors.Future research should focus on accurately describing CAV behavior,conducting longitudinal and cross-sectional comparison studies,and quantifying the impact of DL design on safety and efficiency to make im-provements.