AI主体及生成物版权性问题研究

Research on Copyright Issues of AI Entities and AI Creations

对AI主体及生成物可版权性的研究可归纳为主体性问题和客体性问题。在主体性问题上,AI不是独立的法律主体,不享有民事权利能力,也不具备著作权法上的可激励性。AI使用者或设计者才是适格的著作权主体。在客体性问题上,从人机协作关系考察,AI生成物满足独创性要件。AI设计者和使用者的智力在AI生成过程中得到延伸,据此,AI生成物满足智力成果要件。对AI生成物版权的配置应考量AI设计者和使用者、AI产业发展与传统著作权市场保护这两对利益关系。当设计者与使用者存在版权归属约定时应依约配置版权利益,不存在约定时应将版权利益配置给AI使用者。为平衡AI产业与传统著作权市场的利益,应类推法定许可制度,增设AI产业著作权集体管理协会,通过著作权集体管理组织统一解决著作权市场对AI产业的许可、费用收取、许可费分配以及统一进行诉讼活动等问题。

The research on the copyright of AI entities and AI creations can be summarized as issues of subjectivity and objectivity.In terms of their subjectivity issues,AI,which is not an independ-ent legal entity,is not endowed with civil rights or incentivized under copyright law.AI users or design-ers are eligible copyright subjects.In terms of their objectivity issues,from the perspective of human-machine collaboration,AI-generated works meet the requirements of originality.The intelligence of AI designers and users is extended in the process of AI generation,and therefore,the AI creations meet the requirements of intellectual achievements.The allocation of copyright for AI-generated works should consider the interests of both AI designers and users,as well as the development of the AI industry and the protection of the traditional copyright market.If there is a specific contract on copyright ownership between the designer and the user,copyright interests should be allocated according to the contract.If there is no specific contract,copyright interests should be allocated to the AI user.To balance the inter-ests of the AI industry and the traditional copyright market,a legal license system should be established by analogy,and an AI industry copyright collective management association should be set up to deal with issues such as licensing,license fee collection and distribution,and litigation activities for the AI industry.