类型化视角下待命时间的规制困境与进路

The Dilemma and Approach of Waiting Time Regulation from a Typological Perspective

数字经济的发展促使工时模式朝着弹性化、碎片化方向转变,待命时间具有过渡性、劳动可能性等特征,难以为现行的二分工时制度所涵盖。在数字化新型劳动模式下,工作时间界定的核心在于“受控性”和“基于用人单位利益”两方面,待命时间的相关权益受劳动法保护的正当性源于劳动者于此期间的受控制程度。从类型化分析到体系性构建的逻辑进路更能精准地规范不同情形的待命时间,应当基于“时间”的多义性重塑工作时间理论,承认“第三类时间”的独立地位,结合“受控性”和“空闲性”程度划分待命时间类型。对于属于“第三类时间”的待命时间,应当遵循分层解决的思路明确其权益保护方式,从而纾解待命时间认定难、处理难的问题。

With the development of digital economy,the working time model is becoming more flexible and fragmented.Waiting time has the characteristics of transition and labor possibility,so is difficult to be cov⁃ered by the current“binary”working time system.In the new digital labor model,the core of defining working hours lies in two aspects:“controllability”and“based on the interests of the employer”.The legitimacy of protecting the rights and interests of waiting time under labor law stems from the degree of control that workers have during this period.The logical approach from typological analysis to systematic construction can regulate the waiting time more precisely.The theory of working time should be reconstructed based on the polysemy of“time”,the independent status of“the third type of time”should be admitted,and the waiting time should be clearly categorized based on the degree of“controlled”and“idleness”.For the waiting time belonging to the“third type of time”,a hierarchical approach should be followed to clarify the protection of its rights and inter⁃ests,in order to alleviate the difficulties in determining and handling waiting time.