中国-中亚天然气管道事故跨国救援机制与协作程序研究

Research on Transnational Rescue Mechanism and Cooperative Procedure of China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline accident

随着我国经济的快速发展和城市化水平的不断提高,天然气等传统能源的消耗量日益增多,我国储备的天然气资源不能满足国家、社会和人民日益增长的天然气消耗需求,中国-中亚天然气管道项目应运而生。中国-中亚天然气管道A/B/C并行线西起土库曼斯坦,途径乌兹别克斯坦、哈萨克斯坦,进入我国霍尔果斯市,并入国家西气东输管道系统。然而中国-中亚天然气管道沿线地形结构错综复杂,地质环境形态迥异,地表起伏陡缓不一,这决定了中国-中亚天然气管道周边突发事故的多样性、复杂性、破坏性以及管道应急救援工作的高挑战性,单靠当地应急救援部门及管道应急救援队伍不能完全满足管道事故应急救援的需求,亟需国家管网集团西部管道中心等外部应急力量的介入协作、帮助和支持。文章从中国参与国际救援的实例出发,基于联合国框架下的国际救援响应机制,结合中国-中亚天然气管道事故应急救援的实际背景,确立中国-中亚天然气管道事故跨国救援机制与协作程序。希冀对“一带一路”背景下中国-中亚天然气管道安全、平稳、有序运行和保障国家能源安全有所裨益。

With the rapid development of China's economy and the continuous improvement of urbanization level,the consumption of traditional energy such as natural gas is increasing day by day,and the natural gas resources in China's reserves cannot meet the growing demand of the country,society and people for natural gas consumption,the China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline project came into being.The China-Central Asia Natural Gas Pipeline A/B/C parallel line starts from Turkmenistan in the east,passes through Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan,enters the city of Khorgos in China,and integrates into the national West-east gas pipeline system.However,the terrain structure along the China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline is complicated,the geological environment forms are different,and the surface fluctuation is steep and uneven,which determines the diversity,complexity and destructiveness of the sudden accidents around the China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline and the high challenge of the pipeline emergency rescue work.Local emergency rescue departments and pipeline emergency rescue teams alone can not fully meet the needs of pipeline accident emergency rescue,and it is urgent to intervene,cooperate,help and support external emergency forces such as the Western Pipeline Center of the National Pipeline Network Group.Based on the international rescue response mechanism under the framework of the United Nations and the actual background of the emergency rescue of the China-Central Asia gas pipeline accident,this paper establishes the cross-border rescue mechanism and cooperation procedure of the China-Central Asia gas pipeline accident.It is hoped that it will be beneficial to the safe,stable and orderly operation of the China-Central Asia gas pipeline under the background of “The Belt and Road” and ensure national energy security.