城乡户籍差异对新型农业经营主体经营绩效的影响研究——基于11291家新型农业经营主体的实证分析

Research on the Impact of Urban and Rural Household Registration Differences on the Performance of New Agri-cultural Business Entities——An Empirical Analysis Based on the 11,291 New Agricultural Business Entities

培育、发展、壮大新型农业经营主体是中国农业产业现代化的重点任务。利用农业农村部“头雁”项目数据,研究了新型农业经营主体负责人的户籍差异对其经营绩效的影响。研究表明,与负责人为城市户籍的新型农业经营主体相比,负责人为农村户籍的新型经营主体,其经营绩效较低。这一结论经过稳健性检验和内生性检验以后,依然成立。类型异质性检验表明,负责人为农村户籍对新型农业经营主体经营绩效的负向影响仅在农业企业中成立;区域异质性检验表明,在中部地区和东部地区,负责人为农村户籍明显降低了新型农业经营主体的经营绩效。进一步研究表明,与负责人为城市户籍的新型农业经营主体相比,负责人为农村户籍的新型农业经营主体,其联农带农水平也较低。因此,为推动乡村产业振兴,构建现代化农业产业体系,提高农民收入水平,应逐步开放乡村,引导城市人才到农村成立新型农业经营主体。

Cultivating,developing,and expanding new agricultural business entities constitutes a pivotal task in the modernization of China's agricultural industry.Utilizing data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural"Leading Goose"project,this study investigates the impact of household registration disparities among leaders of these new agricultural business entities on their operational performance.The results show that new agricultural business entities led by individuals holding rural household registrations exhibit lower performance metrics in comparison to those led by urban household registration holders.This conclusion remains robust following rigorous tests for robustness and endogeneity.Examination of type heterogeneity reveals that the negative impact of rural household registration on the performance of new agricultural business entities is exclusively observed in agricultural corporations.Regional heterogeneity tests demonstrate that in the central and eastern regions,leadership by individuals with rural household registrations significantly undermines the operational performance of these new agricultural business entities.Further analysis indicates that,relative to new agricultural business entities led by individuals with urban household registrations,those led by rural registration holders show a diminished level of driving farmers.Therefore,to foster the revitalization of rural industries,establish a modern agricultural industry system,and enhance farmers'income levels,there is an imperative to gradually open up rural areas and encourage urban talent to initiate new agricultural business entities in the countryside.