休息权的社会主义法治内涵及其保障

The Connotation and Guarantee Measures of Socialist Rule of Law on the Right to Rest and Leisure

休息权是一项重要的基本人权,亦是社会主义运动的重要法治实践成就,该项权利已载入《世界人权宣言》等国际人权文书,并在我国宪法、法律中得到确认。但是在当代法治中国实践中,由于诸多因素综合作用的影响,劳动者休息权的充分保障依然遭遇现实困境。要在更高水平上充分保障劳动者的休息权,需坚持以人民为中心的人权理念,满足“人的自由全面发展”需要,回应美好生活制度建构要求,并完善法律治理机制特别是权利保障体系。应通过对休息和休养权益的充分保障,积极回应广大劳动者对高品质生活的需要。

The right to rest and leisure is a fundamental human right,and it is also a practical achievement of the rule of law that the socialist movement has relentlessly fought for.European Marxism has actively promoted the socialist theoretical analysis of the right to rest and leisure,thoroughly critiqued the labor alienation in capitalist society,and advocated the eight-hour working day,contributing to the overall rise of the trend of legislation on the right to rest and leisure.Echoing this,the Leninists in Russia took the limiting of working hours and the protection of workers’right to rest and leisure as a vital goal of the revolution,and gradually realized the systematic construction of the mechanism for the protection of the right to rest and leisure after the establishment of the Soviet Union,which fully manifested the legal significance of the October Revolution,and exerted a particular positive influence on the shaping of the modern rule of law and civilization of human society.On this basis,the Communist Party of China,from China’s specific national conditions,initiatively carried out the practice of the rule of law on protecting the right to rest and leisure for workers,from the public advocacy of the labor legislation to the improvement of the legal system in the revolutionary base areas,which is formally guaranteed in the new Constitution and laws of People’s Republic of China,and has become an critical element in the construction of the rule of law system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Although the affirmation of the right to rest and leisure was hard-won,in the practice of building China’s rule of law,due to the limitations of the attributes of economic and social rights,the lagging construction of workplace culture,and the constraints of ineffective supervision of the rule of law,there still are some cases of violating workers’right to rest and leisure,highlighting the tensions in human rights vs.the economy,the system vs.the culture,and the law vs.the society.Hence,in order to further promote the socialist value of the rule of law within the right to rest and leisure,and to put into practice the people-centered concept of human rights,it is a must to respond to the need for“free and comprehensive development of human beings”,and to take working days in accordance with the rule of law as an essential lever to guide the whole society in adapting to the era of high-quality development,and to promote social construction based on freedom of labor;it is a must to connect with the goal of constructing a system for a better life,upholding the principle of fairness and justice and grasping the new round of“leisure revolution”,and establish a moderately inclusive social welfare system in accordance with China’s national conditions,so that the general public can have a greater sense of gain,happiness and security;it is a must to improve the law and the governance mechanism to effectively implement the“rule of law”on the basis of“public-private interaction”,giving full play to the“closed-loop effect”and advocating“inclusive and win-win situation”,effectively implementing the specific requirements of the“16-word new approach to building the rule of law”;it is also a must to reconstruct the rights protection system,and effectively protect workers’rights and interests to rest by improving the types of rights protection,optimizing the path to claim rights,and expanding related rights resources.