作物抗ACCase抑制剂类除草剂研究进展

Research Progress of Crop Resistance to ACCase-inhibitor-like Herbicides

杂草是影响作物产量与品质的重要不利因素之一,防除杂草是农作物田间管理必不可少的环节。乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-coA carboxylase,ACCase)是乙酰辅酶A合成脂肪酸的限速酶,ACCase抑制剂类除草剂抑制ACCase活性,造成脂肪酸合成受阻,从而灭杀杂草。随着除草剂在农业生产上的广泛应用,抗性杂草的问题日益严重,对农作物产量和品质的影响尤为明显,创制和选育抗除草剂的优异新种质及新品种是预防田间杂草的有效策略,并对单双子叶作物复合种植具有重要意义。通过自然突变、化学诱变、转基因和基因编辑技术已在多种作物和杂草中发掘了有效变异位点,并进行了育种应用。本文针对抗ACCase抑制剂类作物种质的开发和利用,详述了ACCase的性质和作用机制、ACCase抑制剂类除草剂的分类和抗性分子机制,以及目前已发现的有效变异位点等,进而提出创制高抗ACCase抑制剂类除草剂优异新种质的高效育种策略。

Weeds are one of the important adverse factors that seriously affect the yield and quality of crops,and weed control is an important aspect of field management.The ACCase is rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acids synthesis from acetyl-CoA,and ACCase-inhibitor herbicides inhibit ACCase activity,resulting in the obstruction of fatty acid synthesis and killing weeds.With the extensive application of herbicides in agricultural production,the issue of herbicide-resistant weeds has become increasingly serious,and the impact on crop yield and quality is particularly obvious.The development of elite herbicide-resistant germplasms and breeding new varieties with resistance to herbicide are effective strategies to control weeds in the field,especially for compound planting of mono-/dicotyledonous crops.The effective mutation sites were discovered in many crops and weeds through natural mutation,chemical mutagenesis,transgenic and gene editing techniques,and used in breeding applications.Here,we reviewed the properties and action mechanisms of ACCase in plants,the classification of ACCase-inhibitor herbicides,the resistant mechanism of ACCase,and their effective variations in crops.Finally,we proposed novel highly-effective breeding programs and strategies to improve high resistance to ACCase-inhibitor herbicides in crops.