免疫诱抗剂ZNC对小麦赤霉病防治和产量的影响

Effect of Immune Inducer ZNC on the Prevention and Control of Wheat Scab and the Yield of Wheat

【目的】探究一种有效、安全的药剂防治小麦赤霉病,降低小麦赤霉病发病率及药剂自身对小麦产量和品质的影响。【方法】多菌灵和植物免疫诱抗剂(ZNC、氨基寡糖素)3种药剂,采用平板抑菌法探究不同药剂对小麦赤霉病病原菌禾谷镰刀菌的抑制效果;通过盆栽试验对不同药剂的防效进行验证;通过盆栽试验探究不同药剂对小麦生长的影响,之后在人工接种禾谷镰刀菌条件下探究不同药剂对小麦赤霉病的田间防效。【结果】多菌灵对禾谷镰刀菌生长具有显著抑制作用,且田间防效也显著高于ZNC和氨基寡糖素,防效达77.90%,ZNC、氨基寡糖素在平板抑菌试验中对禾谷镰刀菌无明显抑制效果,但在盆栽和田间防效试验中均表现出抑菌效果,并显著降低了田间病情指数,分别较CK降低47.59%、49.93%;多菌灵抑制了小麦的生长和小麦产量,相比于CK,小麦株高、茎粗、根长、根数、鲜重和干物质量分别降低8.69%、2.90%、21.28%、12.50%、12.83%和15.15%,小麦产量降低13.70%;ZNC则促进了小麦的生长,提高了小麦产量,相比CK,小麦产量提高7.96%,小麦籽粒蛋白质含量提高14.45%,小麦籽粒呕吐毒素(deoxynivalenol,DON)含量降低6.00%。【结论】ZNC在防治病害的同时能够促进小麦生长、提高小麦产量并改善小麦籽粒品质,植物免疫诱抗剂ZNC为防治小麦赤霉病提供新的选择。

【Objective】To seek an effective and safe medicament to control wheat scab,and to reduce the incidence rate of wheat scab and the effect of medicament itself on wheat yield and quality.【Method】We selected three types of fungicides(carbendazim)and plant immune inducers(ZNC,aminooligosaccharides)to investigate the inhibitory effects of different agents on the pathogen of wheat scab,Fusarium graminearum,using the plate inhibition method.Then we verified the effectiveness of different pesticides through pot experiments.Also we explored the effects of different pesticides on wheat growth through pot experiments,as well as the field control effects of different pesticides on wheat scab under artificial inoculation with F.graminearum.【Result】Carbendazim has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of F.graminearum,and its field control effect is also significantly higher than that of ZNC and aminooligosaccharides,with a control effect of 77.90%.ZNC and aminooligosaccharides did not have a significant inhibitory effect on F.graminearum in the plate inhibition test but showed antibacterial effects in both potted and field control experiments,and significantly reduced the field disease index,which was 47.59%and 49.93%lower than CK,respectively.Carbendazim inhibited the growth and yield of wheat.Compared with CK,the plant height,stem diameter,root length,number of roots,fresh weight,and dry weight of wheat decreased by 8.69%,2.90%,21.28%,12.50%,12.83%,and 15.15%,respectively,and the yield of wheat decreased by 13.70%.ZNC promotes the growth of wheat and increases wheat yield.Compared to CK,wheat yield increases by 7.96%,wheat grain protein content increases by 14.45%,and wheat grain vomiting toxin(DON)content decreases by 6.00%.【Conclusion】ZNC may promote wheat growth,increase wheat yield,and improve wheat grain quality while preventing and controlling diseases.Plant immune inducer ZNC provides a new option for preventing and controlling wheat scab.