共同富裕:从马克思的现代性批判到中国式现代化

Common Prosperity:From Marx’s Critique of Modernity to a Chinese Path to Modernization

贫富分化是资本主义现代性危机的重要表征,也是马克思现代性批判的重要切入点。马克思揭示了以生产资料私人占有制为基础的资本主义现代化必然造成劳动与财产、劳动与所有权的内在分离,使得“生产和社会福利的这两个杠杆不能结合起来”,进而导致贫富分化的现代性困境,并使现代文明有陷入堕落境遇的危险。为此,马克思建构了一种以“所有的人富裕”为本质规定之一的社会主义现代性,它是对以贫富分化为重要表征的资本主义现代性危机的积极扬弃,指向超越整个现代性本身并创造一种新文明类型的终极目标。在中国式现代化的历史性实践中,中国共产党人将马克思现代性思想运用于中国现实场域并同中华优秀传统文化相结合,创造性地提出了“共同富裕”这一作为中国式现代化本质要求之一的理念与目标,不断推进与拓展中国式现代化,并为以共同富裕为重要标识之一的人类文明新形态创造了现实可能性。

The polarization between the rich and the poor is an important symptom of the crisis of capitalist modernity and an important entry point for Marx’s critique of modernity.Marx revealed that capitalist modernization based on private ownership of the means of production inevitably leads to an inherent separation of labor from property and labor from ownership,making it“impossible to combine the two levers of production and social welfare”,leading to the modern dilemma of the polarization between rich and poor,and the danger of modern civilization falling into degradation.For this reason,Marx constructed a socialist modernity with“common prosperity”as one of the essential provisions.It is a positive renunciation of the crisis of capitalist modernity,which is characterized by the polarization between rich and poor,and points to the ultimate goal of transcending the whole modernity itself and creating a new type of civilization.In the historical practice of a Chinese path to modernization,the CPC has applied Marx’s thought of modernity to the China’s reality and combined it with the fine traditional Chinese culture to creatively put forward the concept and goal of“common prosperity”as one of the essential requirements of Chinese path to modernization,continuously promoting and expanding Chinese path to modernization,and creating realistic possibilities for a new form of human civilization with common prosperity as one of the important signs.