轻松、否定与再生——学校中笑的含义与意义初探

Relax,Negate,and Reborn:A Preliminary Investigation on the Senses and Meaning of Laughter in School

教育者与教育学者对待笑的态度是矛盾的,一方面害怕它扰乱秩序,一方面又害怕丧失了笑的教育。根据“笑”的张力理论定义,笑是笑的事情中差异与同一并存的张力化归于无在主体引起的反应。根据定义中“笑”的含义可将笑分为轻松的笑、纯然否定的笑和再生性的笑。通过张力理论考察笑发现,笑在教学中的应用依靠了其提供的模糊与安全,学校中否定性的笑追逐着虚无,学生反抗权威的笑的背后可能有隐藏的内容,以及教师可以通过笑建立起被承认的教育权威,以此重构师生关系。再生性的笑是将笑者自身作为对象的笑,它具有教育的严肃性。人的有限性的笑是再生性的笑的一种,它是一种值得培养的笑。

There is a controversial attitude towards laughter in which educators and educational theorists fear disruption of order while worrying about the loss of laughter in education.The tension theory of laughter points out that laughter is a response to tension which simultaneously consists of difference and identity and reduces to nothingness in the things of laughter.According to the senses of“laughter”in the definition,laughter can be divided into three types:relaxed laughter,purely negative laughter,and reborn laughter.The new definition of laughter contributes to illustrating its application to education by providing ambiguity and safety.Besides,it finds the logic of negative laughter against others,the hidden content of resistant laughter against the authority,and the way to transform or reconstruct the educational authority through laughter.Finally,it reminds us of the educational seriousness of reborn laughter,which results from regarding the laugher himself as the object of laughter.Laughter of human limitedness belongs to reborn laughter,and it has educational value.