“双一流”高校教师延迟退休制度的潜在风险与治理路径——基于新制度主义的视角

The Potential Risks and Governance Approaches of“Double first-class”University Faculties’Delayed Retirement System:From the Perspective of New Institutionalism

随着全社会退休政策改革的推进,高校原已实施的延迟退休制度面临调整。基于国家层面与“双一流”高校共78份退休管理文件,结合26名“双一流”高校年长教师的深入访谈,采用新制度主义理论的分析框架,研判当前“双一流”高校实施延迟退休制度的潜在风险。一是制度规定的退休年龄节点与高校教师的实际需求存在偏差;二是教师延迟退休管理中刚性规则泛化,且呈现科研一元性的价值取向,导致高校年长教师学术劳动的“异化”;三是教师在延迟退休期的职责被固化,无法适应教师对年龄角色的期待。上述发现揭示了高校教师延迟退休制度潜在风险背后,生产性老龄观与积极老龄观的博弈。为此提出三方面的治理路径:丰富延迟退休制度的“年龄集合”、拓展高校年长教师的“权利象限”、重塑高校年长教师的“人物画像”。

As the society-wide reform of the delayed retirement system advances,the delayed retirement policy for university faculties is facing adjustments.Based on a total of 78 retirement management documents from national and“double top”universities,Combining in-depth interviews with 26“double top”senior college faculties,adopting the analytical framework of the new institutionalism theory,revealing the potential risks of the current“double top”university delayed retirement system.Firstly,there is a discrepancy between the retirement age specified in the system and the actual needs of university faculties;secondly,the rigid rules in delay retirement management are generalized and present the value orientation of scientific research unity,which leads to the“alienation”of academic work of senior faculties in universities;thirdly,the duties of faculties in the delay retirement period are solidified and cannot adapt to the faculties’expectations of their age roles.The above findings reveal that the game between productive and active views of aging behind the dilemma of delayed retirement system,and proposes three governance pathways:firstly,enriching the“age set”of delayed retirement system;secondly,expanding the“quadrant of rights”for senior faculty in higher education;thirdly,remodeling the“portrait”of senior faculty.