论“政府-市场”关系视角下中国校外教育培训的发展

On the Development of Off-campus Private Tutoring in China from the Perspective of“Government-market”Relationship

中国校外教育培训发展的核心问题是如何认识和处理政府与市场的关系。当前围绕校外教育培训中政府与市场关系及作用的论断,主要囿于西方的政府与市场关系论。依据马克思主义原理和方法,国家性质决定了校外教育培训中政府和市场关系的本质特征。中国校外教育培训伴随改革开放以及政府与市场关系的演进,经历了1978—1991年“政府开放市场”的萌芽发展期,1992—2002年“政府放开市场”的稳定发展期,2003—2020年“政府激励市场”的高速发展期,2021年至今“政府约束市场”的转型发展期。政府与市场关系呈互融共生的动态演进过程,诠释着中国特色。步入新发展阶段,应把握校外教育培训中政府与市场关系的共生性和演进性规律,充分认识二者互动的中国特色,发挥有效市场配置校外教育培训资源作用,并更好发挥有为政府作用。

The core problem of the China’s off-campus private tutoring development is how to understand and deal with the relationship between the government and the market.At present,the conclusion about the relationship between government and market in the development of off-campus private tutoring is mainly confined to the western theory of the relationship between government and market.According to the principle and method of Marx,the nature of the State determine the essential characteristics of the relationship between the government and the market in off-campus private tutoring.With the reform and opening up and the evolution of the relationship between the government and the market,China’s off-campus private tutoring has experienced the initial stage of“government opening up the market”from 1978 to 1991,the stable stage of“government greatly opening up the market”from 1992 to 2002,the rapid growth stage of“government encouraging the market”from 2003 to 2020,and the transformation and adjustment period of“government constraint market”from 2021 to now.The relationship between government and market is a dynamic evolution process of mutual integration and symbiosis,which interprets Chinese characteristics.In the new stage of development,we should grasp the symbiosis and evolution of the relationship between government and market in the development of off-campus private tutoring,fully understand the Chinese characteristics of the interaction between government and market,promote the market of off-campus private tutoring to play a role in allocating resources,and give better play to the role of government.