政务数据共享的法治难题及其应对

Legal Problems and Legal Responses to Government DataSharing in Digital Government

推进政务数据共享作为数字政府建设中的重要内容,有助于提高政府间政务数据的流转效率和政府工作效率,但现有制度制约着政务数据共享整体效能的实现。政务数据在共享实践中主要面临三方面的难题:政务数据权属难题;政务数据共享类型划定模糊;政务数据共享跨地域跨部门协同难题。我国在政务数据共享实践及借鉴域外经验的基础上,应当基于政务数据“国家所有”来构建政务数据权属结构,进一步规范界定政务数据共享类型以及设立政务数据共享管理职能主体进行法律应对,从而推进数字法治政府建设。

Promoting government data sharing,as an important part of digital government construction,helps to improve the efficiency of inter government data circulation and government work.However,the existing system restricts the overall effectiveness of government data sharing.Government data sharing practice mainly faces three problems:firstly,the problem of ownership of government data;secondly,the classification of government data sharing types is vague;thirdly,the problem of cross regional and cross departmental collaboration in government data sharing.This article analyzes practical difficulties and draws on foreign experience to propose the construction of a government data ownership structure based on"national ownership",further standardize and define the types of government data sharing,and establish functional entities for government data sharing management for legal response,in order to promote the construction of a digital rule of law government.