中国社会救助中福利依赖问题再反思:一项关于社会救助与就业关系的元分析

Revisiting the problem of welfare dependence in social assistance of China:a meta-analysis of the relationship between social assistance and employment

正确认识福利依赖问题对于社会救助事业高质量发展具有重要意义。基于筛选出的国内文献,运用元分析方法对社会救助与就业关系的整体效应大小进行定量分析,并从数据、变量、模型、文章四个维度识别了以往文献产生差异化结论的潜在影响因素,重新探讨中国社会救助中的福利依赖问题。结果显示:社会救助与就业之间存在显著的负相关关系,但是其总体效应较小;就业的测量方式显著调节了社会救助与就业的关系,其他潜在调节变量则不显著。总体而言,中国的社会救助存在福利依赖,但是程度并不严重。现阶段应着力改善社会救助体系以及规范劳动力市场,以降低社会救助中福利依赖扩散和加剧的可能性。

A correct understanding of welfare dependence is of great significance to the high-quality development of social assistance.Based on the selected domestic literature,this paper makes a quantitative analysis of the overall effect size of the relationship between social assistance and employment by using the meta-analysis method,and identifies the potential influencing factors that produce differentiated conclusions in previous literature from the four dimensions of data,variables,models and articles,so as to re-explore the problem of welfare dependence in China's social assistance.The results show that there is a significant negative correlation between social assistance and employment,but its overall effect is relatively small.Employment measures significantly moderate the relationship between social assistance and employment,but other potential moderating variables are not significant.In general,welfare dependence exists in China's social assistance,but the degree is not serious.At this stage,efforts should be made to improve the social assistance system and standardize the labor market to reduce the possibility of the spread and intensification of welfare dependence in social assistance.