二维材料微观摩擦学研究进展

Research Progress in Micro-Tribology of Two-Dimensional Material

综述了二维材料在微观摩擦学领域的研究进展,系统介绍了二维材料的分类和制备方法以及用于微观摩擦学研究的常用设备。按照单峰接触模型和异/同质结接触模型,重点介绍了二维材料在微观摩擦学的研究现状,概括分析了二维材料的结构性质、针尖与样品之间的相互作用、材料与衬底之间的相互作用,以及外加电场等对微观摩擦学的影响机制。总结了基于二维材料在微观摩擦学领域的摩擦和磨损机制,包括声子作用机制、电子-声子耦合机制以及电子作用机制。基于上述机制,通过利用削弱乃至消除褶皱效应、调控电-声耦合及构建非公度接触等手段,可以实现微观尺度的超低摩擦乃至超润滑。指出了发展微观尺度超低摩擦乃至超润滑薄膜的方法及思路。最后展望了二维材料在微观摩擦学领域的未来发展方向。

The latest research progresses of two-dimensional materials in the field micro-tribology are overviewed.The classification and preparation methods of two-dimensional materials,as well as the commonly used devices in micro-tribology research are systematically introduced.The current research status of two-dimensional materials in micro-tribology is focused based on the single-asperity contact model and the heterojunction/homojunction contact model.The structural properties of two-dimensional materials,the interactions between the tip and the sample,the interactions between the material and the substrate,and the effect mechanisms of external electric fields on micro-tribology are summarized and analyzed.The friction and wear mechanisms of two-dimensional materials in micro-tribology are summarized,including the phonon mechanism,the electron-phonon coupling mechanism,and the electron mechanism.Based on these mechanisms,it is possible to achieve microscale ultra-low friction and even superlubricity by weakening or eliminating the pucker effect,regulating the electric-phonon coupling,and constructing incommensurate contacts.The methods and development strategies for developing microscale ultra-low friction and superlubricating films are pointed out.Finally,the future development directions of two-dimensional materials in the field of micro-tribology are prospected.