杨梅设施栽培及智能化管理技术研究进展

Research progress on the protected cultivation and intelligent management technology of Myrica rubra

杨梅原产于中国,是经济价值较高的特色水果,但成熟期恰逢梅雨季,连续的阴雨天气严重影响杨梅的产量和品质。近年来,通过设施栽培可避雨、防虫、促早及提高品质,实现杨梅稳产高效栽培。由于设施栽培改变了杨梅原有的生长环境,也出现了诸多的新问题。针对上述问题开展了设施栽培及智能化管理技术的应用研究,可将果实成熟期提前40 d,商品果率达80%,经济效应显著。文章从设施栽培模式、人工辅助授粉、补光技术、高光效树形研发,以及设施物联网和水肥智能管理的应用进行总结,意在为杨梅的智能化、产业化提供技术支撑,助力杨梅产业持续发展。

Myrica rubra is a high-value fruit native to China,but its harvest period coincides with the rainy season,which seriously affects its yield and quality.In recent years,stable production and high efficiency of Myrica rubra has been achieved through protected cultivation,which can avoid rain,insects,promote fruit ripening,and improve its quality.However,many new problems had arisen due to the changes of growth environment in greenhouse.Therefore,the application research of protected cultivation and intelligent management technology has been conducted to solve these problems.The fruit ripening period can be advanced 40 days,and the commodity fruit rate reached 80%,with a significant economic effects.This article summarized the research progress on protected cultivation modes,artificial pollination,supplemental lighting technology,high-light-efficiency tree shaping,as well as the application of things and intelligent and water-fertilizer management of protected cultivation,aiming to provide technical support for the intelligent and industrialized cultivation of Myrica rubra,and help the sustainable development of this industry.