全国统一大市场建设的环境效应——基于空间溢出视角

Environmental Effects of the Construction of A Unified National Market——Based on the Spatial Spillover Perspective

加快建设全国统一大市场是实现高质量发展的必由之路,改善环境质量应是其题中之义。基于2008—2021年我国省级面板数据和空间杜宾模型,研究全国统一大市场建设的环境效应。结果显示,我国环境污染物排放具有显著的空间正相关性,且在能源禀赋丰裕的省份更明显,但整体呈现减弱趋势。全国统一大市场建设对环境污染物排放具有显著的抑制效应和空间溢出效应,经过一系列稳健性检验后,该结论仍然成立。全国统一大市场建设对环境污染物排放存在空间异质性影响:从胡焕庸线区域分割特征来看,与西北片区和东南片区相比,只有对中间地带本地-邻地环境污染物排放的抑制效应显著;从“大气十条”政策实施时期来看,该政策实施后,对环境污染物排放的抑制效应和空间溢出效应均得到显著提升。扩展性研究表明,全国统一大市场建设对实现减污降碳具有协同效应和空间溢出效应。鉴于此,资源型地区应积极加快能源结构转型,大力发展节能环保、新能源等新兴产业,以打破“资源诅咒”、缓解污染集聚。同时,立破并举,加快建设全国统一大市场,灵活设计制度体制,减少制度性交易成本和地方保护主义行为,将财政资金更多地向交通枢纽、网络通信等基础设施倾斜,奠定构建统一大市场和环境治理一体化的基础。此外,坚持全国“一盘棋”,凝练推广如京津冀、长三角、珠三角等现有区域一体化战略的模式经验,遵循共同但有区别原则,形成以中间地带省份为全国统一大市场建设中心、向外围省份延展的建设格局。协同环境政策的导向作用,培育形成统一的生态文明市场,实现绿色高质量发展。

Accelerating the construction of a unified national market is a necessary way to realize high-quality development,and improving environmental quality should be its theme.Based on the provincial panel data and spatial Durbin model from 2008 to 2021,a study on the environmental effects of the construction of a unified national market is carried out.The results show that China's environmental pollutant emissions have a significant positive spatial correlation and are more obvious in the energyendowed provinces,but the overall trend is weakening.The construction of a unified national market has a significant inhibitory effect and spatial spillover effect on environmental pollutants,and the conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests.The construction of a unified national market has spatial heterogeneity effect on environmental pollutants:from the perspective of the regional segmentation characteristics of Hu Huanyong line,compared with the northwestern and southeastern areas,only the middle zone"local-neighboring"environmental pollutants have significant inhibitory effect;and from the perspective of the implementation period of the policy Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution,after the implementation of this policy,the inhibition effect and spatial spillover effect on environmental pollutants have been significantly improved.Extended research shows that the construction of a unified national market has synergistic effect and spatial spillover effect on the realization of pollution reduction and carbon reduction.In view of this,resource-based regions should actively accelerate the transformation of energy structure,vigorously develop energy conservation and environmental protection,new energy and other new industries to break the"curse of resources"and alleviate the concentration of pollution.At the same time,we should replaced faulty practices with effective ones to accelerate the construction of a unified national market,flexibly design the institutional system,reduce systemic transaction costs and local protectionist behavior,invest more financial resources to the transportation hub,network communications,and other infrastructure construction,and lay the foundation for the construction of a unified national market and environmental governance integration.In addition,we should insist on the principle of"carrying out comprehensive actions"in the whole country,condense and promote the model experience of the existing regional integration strategies such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integrated development strategy,and follow the principle of common but differentiated to form a construction pattern with the middle zone provinces as the center of the construction of a unified national market,and expand to the peripheral provinces.The guiding role of synergistic environmental policies will foster the formation of a unified ecological civilization market to achieve green and high-quality development.