脑卒中患者能力-机会动机-行为潜剖面特征及影响因素研究

Study on the latent profile characteristics and influencing factors of capability-opportunity-motivationbehavior in stroke patients

目的探讨脑卒中患者能力-机会-动机-行为的潜剖面类型并分析不同潜剖面的影响因素。方法于2023年1-10月, 采用分层随机抽样法选取河南省5所三级甲等医院神经内科收治的596例脑卒中患者为研究对象, 采用一般情况调查表、脑卒中防治知识问卷、社会支持评定量表、WHO生活质量简表-环境分量表、脑卒中健康信念简表、健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ对其进行调查。采用潜剖面分析对脑卒中患者能力-机会-动机-行为特征进行分类, 采用多元Logistic回归分析探讨脑卒中患者能力-机会-动机-行为不同潜剖面的影响因素。结果脑卒中患者能力-机会-动机-行为存在3种潜在类别, 分别为能力-机会-动机-行为低下-健康信念较高组(32.4%, 193/596)、能力-机会-动机-行为中等-健康信念不足组(47.5%, 283/596)、能力-机会-动机-行为较高-社会支持缺乏组(20.1%, 120/596)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示, 文化程度、吸烟史、家族史、体重指数、查尔森合并症指数得分是脑卒中患者能力-机会-动机-行为不同潜剖面的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中患者能力-机会-动机-行为有着明显的特征分类, 应根据不同类别特点开展针对性干预, 以提高患者健康行为管理效果。

Objective To explore the latent profile types of capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior in stroke patients and analyze the influencing factors of different latent profiles.Methods From January to October 2023,totally 596 stroke patients from the Neurology Department of five Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals in Henan Province were selected by stratified random sampling.The patients were surveyed using a general information questionnaire,the Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire(SPKQ),the Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),the WHO's Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief Version(WHOQOL-BREF),the Short Form Health Belief Model Scale(SF-HBMS),and the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile Ⅱ(HPLP Ⅱ).Latent profile analysis was used to classify the capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior characteristics of stroke patients,and multiple logistic regression was conducted to explore the influencing factors of different latent profiles.Results Three latent profiles of capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior in stroke patients were identified,including low capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior with high health beliefs(32.4%,193/596),moderate capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior with insufficient health beliefs(47.5%,283/596),and high capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior with lack of social support(20.1%,120/596).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that educational level,smoking history,family history,body mass index,and Charlson Comorbidity Index score were influencing factors of different latent profiles(P<0.05).Conclusions Stroke patients exhibit distinct classifications of capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior.Targeted interventions should be conducted based on the characteristics of each category to improve health behavior management outcomes in patients.