马铃薯采后绿变发生机制及其控制技术研究进展

Review on the Mechanism and Control Technologies of Greening of Postharvested Potato Tubers

马铃薯是世界第三大粮食作物,在采后贮藏、运输和销售过程中易发生绿变现象。尽管绿变与龙葵素无直接关系,但会引起消费者的安全担忧,从而影响购买欲望。文章首先对马铃薯绿变与龙葵素的关系进行了科学阐释,其次从淀粉体转化为叶绿体和叶绿素积累2个生物过程阐述了马铃薯绿变发生的生理生化机制。另外分析了光照条件、温度和品种等因素对绿变过程的影响,并概括了多种检测马铃薯绿变的方法,其中无损检测技术具有广阔的市场前景,最后从物理法、化学法和杂交育种3个方面对绿变的防控进行了综述。文章的总结有助于加深对马铃薯绿变的理解,并为科学防控绿变提供技术指导。

Potato is the world's third largest food crop and is susceptible to greening during post-harvest storage,transportation,and marketing.Although greening is not directly related to solanine,it may cause safety concerns and affect consumers'purchasing desires.The article first made a scientific explanation of the relationship between potato greening and solanine and then elaborated on the physiological and biochemical mechanism of potato greening from the two biological processes of conversion of amyloplasts to chloroplasts and chlorophyll accumulation.In addition,the article analyzed the effects of light conditions,temperature,and variety on the greening process,outlined a variety of methods for detecting greening in potatoes,of which non-destructive testing technology has a broad market prospect,and finally reviewed the prevention and control of greening from three aspects,namely,physical method,chemical method,and cross-breeding.The summary of the article helps to deepen the understanding of potato greening and provides technical guidance for the scientific prevention and control of greening.