国际移民安全问题探析

International Migration and Security: A Preliminary Analysis

当前国际移民仍呈增长态势,非正规移民增长态势更为明显,由此生成了三个层面的安全问题:一是微观层次上的移民者个体安全,主要包括移徙安全以及因偷运移民与贩运移民等衍生的移民安全问题;二是中观层次上的国家安全,主要包括国土安全、社会安全、经济安全与文化安全;三是宏观层次上的国际安全,主要包括国际被迫移民衍生的安全问题,移民“武器化”导致的安全问题,以及移民给生态环境、公共卫生等全球性议题所带来的安全问题。国际移民安全问题的凸显,反映出相关治理的紧迫性与重要性。国际移民安全治理必须多管齐下、综合施策:一是形成对国际移民安全问题的辩证认知与科学态度;二是发挥多元行为体功能,构建国家、地区与全球多层治理架构,进而形成治理合力;三是从国际安全与发展环境塑造的角度出发,推动建立持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容与清洁美丽的美好世界。

At present, international migration is still on the increase, and irregular migration in particular is rapidly growing. This has caused security challenges at three levels: individual security of migrants at the micro level, which mainly involves the safe movement of people and other security issues related to migrant smuggling and trafficking;national security at the meso level, which spans homeland, social, economic, and cultural security;and international security at the macro level, which primarily denotes the security challenges as a result of forced migration or the “weaponization” of migration, as well as the impact of migration on global issues such as the eco-environment and public health. With the surge of security challenges induced by international migration, relevant governance has become increasingly pressing, which requires a comprehensive, multipronged approach: first, developing a dialectical and scientific understanding of international migration and security;second, giving full play to the role of diverse actors to establish a governance architecture across national, regional, and international levels toward governance synergy;third, building an open, inclusive, clean, and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity to shape a better international environment for security and development.