中国地方猪种保护利用价值及策略研究

Value and Strategy of Conservation and Utilization of Local Pig Breeds in China

近年来,中国大量进口国外猪种,种猪业出现“育不如引”的说法,形成“引种—退化—再引种—再退化”的恶性循环,对地方猪种的保护与利用产生了一定影响。为破解这一难题,需要有效挖掘丰富的地方猪种资源,以地方猪种的多重价值满足市场多元化需求。本研究在对中国地方猪种保护现状调研分析的基础上,总结出中国优良地方猪种不仅具有耐粗饲、抗逆性强、肉质鲜美、繁殖能力强等丰富的遗传价值,而且具有珍贵的民俗文化价值、景观休闲价值以及经济价值。开发中国地方猪种的多样价值,有助于助力其快速扩大市场容量,提升品种影响力。最后,针对中国地方猪种的目前的保护与利用情况,提出育种创新、加强场区库保护建设、打造区域特色品牌、加大宣传推广等全方位增强中国地方猪种市场竞争力、促进生猪种业高质量发展的策略。

In recent years,China has imported a large number of foreign pig breeds,leading to the phenomenon of"breeding is not as good as introducing"in the pig breeding industry,forming a vicious cycle of"introduction-degradation-reintroduction-degradation",which has had a certain impact on the protection and utilization of local pig breeds.To solve this problem,it is necessary to effectively tap into the abundant local pig breed resources,and satisfy diversified market demands with the multiple values of local pig breeds.Based on the investigation and analysis of the current status of local pig breeds protection in China,this paper summarized that excellent local pig breeds in China not only have rich genetic value such as tolerance to rough feeding,strong stress resistance,delicious meat,and strong reproductive ability,but also have precious folk cultural value,landscape leisure value,and economic value.Developing the diverse value of local pig breeds in China can help them rapidly expand the market capacity and enhance the breed influence.Finally,in response to the current situation of protection and utilization of local pig breeds in China,strategies were put forward to enhance the competitiveness of the local pig breed market and promote the high-quality development of pig breeding industry in all aspects,including breeding innovation,strengthening the protection and construction of farms and warehouses,creating regional characteristic brands,and increasing publicity and promotion.