山东省海洋文化遗产时空分布及保护开发研究

Temporal-spatial Characteristics and Protection and Development of Marine Cultural Heritage in Shandong Province

为提高海洋文化遗产的保护与开发水平,运用空间自相关分析、核密度估计、热点分析等方法研究山东省海洋文化遗产的结构和时空分布特征及影响因素。结果表明:(1)山东省海洋文化遗产在类型上以古遗址类、传统技艺类、民间文学类、近现代重要史迹和代表性建筑类以及民俗类为主;(2)空间集聚特征明显,威海东部、青岛胶州湾及烟台北部是各类遗产的高密度分布区,莱州湾区域有大量盐业文化遗产,日照东港区有较多渔业文化遗产;(3)先秦时期遗产集中分布在莱州湾区域,秦汉至隋唐时期遗产集中分布在威海东部,宋元明清时期遗产在烟台北部、威海东部、青岛胶州湾均有大量分布,近代以来的遗产主要分布在威海环翠区和青岛胶州湾;(4)遗产分布受海拔、坡度、河流等自然因素,渔业、盐业、海运贸易等海洋经济,东夷文化、齐鲁文化、妈祖文化等社会文化及海防建设的影响较大。最后,提出建设海洋文化遗产名录、重视海洋文化遗产活态保护、促进公众积极参与遗产保护等保护建议及“三核驱动、两区随动、两带联动、多点带动”的海洋文化遗产旅游格局。

Taking marine cultural heritages in Shandong Province as samples,structure,temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors was analyzed by the methods of spatial autocorrelation analysis,kernel density estimation and hot spot analysis in order to improve the protection and development of marine cultural heritage.The results indicate that:(1)The types are mainly ancient sites,traditional handicraft,folk literature,important modern historical sites and representative buildings and folk customs;(2)Marine cultural heritage has significant spatial clustering characteristics;the east of Weihai,Jiaozhou Bay of Qingdao and the north of Yantai are high-density distribution areas of various heritages with a large number of sea salt business cultural heritages in Laizhou Bay,and a large number of fishery cultural heritages in East-port District of Rizhao;(3)The heritages of the pre Qin period are concentrated in Laizhou Bay area,and the heritages of the period from Qin and Han dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties are concentrated in the east of Weihai,and the heritages of the Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties are widely distributed in the north of Yantai,the east of Weihai and Jiaozhou Bay of Qingdao,the heritages form modern times till now are mainly distributed in Huancui District of Weihai and Jiaozhou Bay of Qingdao;(4)It is greatly affected by natural factors such as altitude,slope and river,marine economy such as fishery,sea salt business and maritime trade,social culture such as Dongyi culture,Qilu culture and Mazu culture,and coastal defense construction.Based on the forementioned analysis,some protection suggestions are proposed such as building a list of marine cultural heritage,emphasizing the living protection of marine cultural heritage and promoting the public’s active participation in heritage protection,as well as the tourism pattern of“three cores drive,two areas follow-up,two belts linkage and multi-points drive”.