钙循环捕集CO_(2)小试和中试台架研究进展

Review of bench and pilot-scale testing for calcium looping capture of carbon dioxide

燃煤电厂产生CO_(2)会加重温室效应,因此实现温室气体减排目标至关重要。碳捕集技术已被确定为降低电力部门碳排放的关键措施。胺洗涤等化学吸附剂和氧燃烧技术等成熟技术集成到发电厂时,效率损失很高(8.0%~12.5%),因此,为尽量减少效率损失和相关电力成本,需开发新的二氧化碳捕获技术。钙循环工艺是一项很有前途的技术,效率损失可降至7%。由于资金成本高,目前尚未开发出有商业规模的成本效益技术,而在设计和建造商业规模装置前,需深入了解各操作条件的系统行为,以优化工艺参数并评估可行性。概述了全球可用的小试试验台架和中试工厂测试设施,总结了测试设备的特性和操作条件及提取关键的试验结果,表明CaL工艺的可行性在1 kW th~1.9 MW th的实验室规模和中试规模设施中得到广泛研究。在这些CaL系统中,碳酸化炉的工作温度600~700℃,煅烧炉的工作温度800~1000℃。进入到碳酸化炉里CO_(2)均来自电厂,均可实现90%以上CO_(2)捕集效率。此外,调整操作设计参数,如CO_(2)入口浓度、碳酸化炉或煅烧炉温度等,将影响CO_(2)捕集效率。总之,这些结果为未来大规模台架的开发收集有价值的操作数据,这也将是在未来能源发展中扩大和部署这项技术的关键所在。

CO_(2)generated by coal-fired power plants could exacerbate the greenhouse effect,so achieving greenhouse gas emission reduction goals is crucial.Carbon capture technology has been identified as a key measure to reduce carbon emissions in the power sector.When mature technologies such as amine scrubbing and oxygen combustion technology are integrated into power plants,efficiency penalty could result in high efficiency penalty(8.0%-12.5%).For this reason,to minimize efficiency penalties and related increased power costs,new carbon dioxide capture technologies have been developed.The calcium looping process is a promising technology that could reduce efficiency penalty to 7%.Due to the high cost of capital,cost-effective technologies with commercial scale have not yet been developed.Before designing and constructing commercial scale devices,it is necessary to have a deep understanding of the system behavior under various operating conditions to optimize process parameters and evaluate feasibility.An overview of the available bench-scale and pilot-scale testing facilities worldwide.Characteristics and operating conditions of the testing equipment were summarized,key experimental results were also extracted,indicating that the feasibility of the CaL process has been widely studied in bench-scale and pilot-scale facilities ranging from 1 kW th^(-1).9 MW th.In these CaL systems,the operating temperature range of the carbonator is 600-700℃,and the operating temperature of the calciner is 800-1000℃.The CO_(2)entering the carbonator comes from the power plant and can achieve CO_(2)capture efficiency of over 90%.In addition,adjusting operational design parameters such as CO_(2)inlet concentration,carbonation or calcination temperature,etc.will affect CO_(2)capture efficiency.In summary,these results provide valuable operational data for the development of future large-scale platforms,which will also be the key to expanding and deploying this technology in future development.