基于HAZOP-LOPA的氨制冷系统设备与工艺风险分析

Risk Analysis of Ammonia Refrigeration System Equipment and Process Based on HAZOP-LOPA

为有效预防氨制冷系统事故,提高氨制冷企业安全管理水平,本文以冷库企业氨制冷系统工艺设备为研究对象,基于危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)和防护层分析(LOPA)方法对冷库企业氨制冷系统主要工艺设备设施工艺参数进行全面分析。采用HAZOP进行风险分析,筛选出4种高风险和7种较高风险等级的工艺参数偏差。根据HAZOP筛选结果,利用LOPA分析初始事件和条件事件发生的概率及工艺设备独立保护层的频率等级,进而得出减缓后的后果发生频率。结果表明,运用HAZOP和LOPA方法可以较好地实现事故场景风险等级的量化,针对4种风险不可接受的工艺偏差提出的降低风险的安全措施,可以为氨制冷系统设备和工艺安全风险管控提供指导和借鉴。

In order to effectively prevent the accident of the ammonia refrigeration system and improve the safety management level of ammonia refrigeration enterprises,in this paper,the technological parameters of the main technological equipment and facilities of the cold storage enterprise were comprehensively analyzed based on HAZOP(hazard and operability analy-sis)and LOPA(layer of protection analysis)taking the technological equipment of the ammonia refrigeration system of an cold storage enterprise.HAZOP was used to carry out the risk analysis and screen technological parameter deviations of 4 kinds of high-risk levels and 7 kinds of higher risk levels.Based on the screening results,LOPA was used to analyze the fre-quency of occurrence of initial events and conditional events and the frequency level of the independent protection layer of the technological equipment,and obtain the frequency of occurrence of consequences after retarding.The results show that the application of HAZOP and LOPA can better realize the risk level quantification under accident scenarios,and proposed safety measures aiming at the 4 kinds of technological deviations belonging to unacceptable risks can provide guidance and reference for the risk management and control of the equipment and technology of ammonia refrigeration systems.