基于层次分析模型的潜艇极低频电磁场贡献率评估方法研究

Evaluation of the extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field contribution rate for submarines using the analytic hierarchy process

潜艇极低频电磁场作为目标探测的关键特征,其形成机制复杂多样,平台工况以及在水下所处位置都会对其产生很大影响。有效操控以降低潜艇的磁特征对于提升其磁隐身性能具有重要的意义。然而,当前各种因素对电磁场影响程度的研究尚不充分。为此该文提出一种基于层次分析模型的贡献率评估方法,旨在为有效操控提供理论依据。首先深入分析潜艇极低频电磁场的威胁成因,并建立相应的威胁层次结构模型。其次,通过仿真手段获取由不同成因产生的电磁场信号特征,并构建威胁矩阵和特征矩阵。最后,计算得到不同成因电磁场对总电磁场的贡献率,在尾部测线上,尾流磁场的贡献率占比最高,达到0.7649;径向测线上轴频磁场贡献率占比最高,并逐渐衰减,最终在150 m处低于尾流电磁场,并保持在占比0.5左右。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性,可为潜艇极低频电磁场的综合主动控制策略研究奠定技术基础。

The extremely low-frequency(ELF)electromagnetic field emitted by submarines serves as a critical feature for target detection.Its complexities arise from various causes,with platform operating conditions and underwater positioning significantly affecting its characteristics.Effectively manipulating these factors to diminish the submarine’s magnetic signature is vital for enhancing its magnetic stealth capabilities.However,current research lacks sufficient exploration of the influence degree of these varied causes.To address this gap,a contribution rate assessment method is introduced based on a hierarchical analysis model,aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for such manipulation.The study begins with an in-depth analysis of the threat causes of submarine ELF electromagnetic field,establishing a hierarchical model to encapsulate these threats.Subsequently,simulation techniques are employed to extract the electromagnetic field signal characteristics generated by different causes,leading to the construction of a threat matrix and a feature matrix.Finally,the contribution rates of different causative electromagnetic fields to the total electromagnetic field were calculated.On the sternward measurement line,the wake magnetic field contributes the highest proportion,reaching 0.7649.On the radial measurement line,the shaft-frequency magnetic field has the highest contribution rate,which gradually attenuates and eventually falls below the wake electromagnetic field at 150 meters,maintaining a proportion of approximately 0.5.The simulation results validate the method’s effectiveness and set a technical precedent for the development of comprehensive active control strategies for submarine ELF electromagnetic field.