某电动摩托车动力总成控制策略研究

Research on the Powertrain Control Strategy of an Electric Motorcycle

为了满足当今市场对电动摩托车性能要求,设计了一套电动摩托车动力总成控制系统,根据市场调研结果以及考虑到电动摩托车的动力性能,选取一款内嵌式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)作为动力核心,72V蓄电池组作为动力源,采用矢量控制策略对驱动系统进行动力匹配。为了实现更宽的调速范围,提高电动摩托车的续航里程,提出了一种适用于IPMSM驱动器高速运行的最大转矩电流比(MTPA)弱磁控制算法。基于速度指令,运行模式将自动从恒定转矩区变为弱磁区。为了使电动摩托车在复杂路况下也能平稳行驶,排除系统内部参数扰动对最终控制效果的影响,在矢量控制系统的转速环引入了基于指数趋近率的滑模速度控制器(SMC)。使用MATLAB/Simulink搭建了控制系统仿真模型,并对动态负载工况和稳态负载工况进行仿真,结果表明所提出的控制策略是可行的。最后,搭建了电机控制器动力总成系统测试平台,进行电机和控制器的综合性能测试,结果表明所设计的动力总成系统较市场上同类产品效率提高约5%。

In order to meet the current market requirements of electric motorcycle performance,a set of electric motorcycle powertrain control system is designed,according to the market research results and considering the dynamic performance of electric motorcycle,a embedded permanent magnet synchronous motor(IPMSM)is selected as the power core,72 V battery as a power source,the vector control strategy to drive system power matching.In order to achieve wider speed range and improve the range of electric motorcycle,a maximum torque current ratio(MTPA)is proposed.Based on the speed instruction,the operation mode automatically changes from a constant torque zone to a weak magnetic zone.In order to make the electric motorcycle run smoothly in complex road conditions and exclude the influence of internal parameter disturbance on the final control effect,the sliding mode speed controller(SMC)based on exponential approach rate is introduced in the speed ring of the vector control system.The simulation model of the control system is constructed using MATLAB/Simulink for the dynamic and steady load conditions,which shows that the proposed control strategy is feasible.Finally,the test platform of the motor controller powertrain system is set up to test the comprehensive performance of the motor and the controller.The results show that the efficiency of the designed powertrain system is about 5%higher than that of similar products on the market.