海菜花和波叶海菜花的传粉生物学及其杂交亲和性研究

Pollination and hybrid affinity of Ottelia acuminata and Ottelia acuminata var.crispa

【目的】揭示海菜花和波叶海菜花的传粉特性,阐明其影响成功传粉因素,为两者杂交育种提供理论和技术指导。【方法】以海菜花和波叶海菜花为对象,通过观察其开花动态、昆虫访花行为,测定花粉活力、柱头可授性、杂交亲和指数等,研究其传粉特性及杂交亲和性。【结果】海菜花和波叶海菜花开花动态基本相似,单花期均为7~11 h,访花昆虫主要有黑带食蚜蝇、中华蜜蜂等;花粉活力和柱头可授性均呈现先上升后下降趋势,海菜花和波叶海菜花花粉活力最高分别为88.27%和88.34%,柱头可授性均在开花期Ⅱ最高;两者正反交的坐果率分别为85.71%和91.33%,杂交亲和指数均大于53,单果平均种子数自交分别为54和69,正反交分别为73和71;种子萌发率自交分别为71.7%和27.3%,正反交分别为22.6%和19.7%。【结论】海菜花和波叶海菜花的开花动态基本相似,单花期时间较短,传粉昆虫种类偏少,有性繁殖受到影响,未表现出显著的杂交不亲和性。

[Objective]The study aims to reveal the pollination Ottelia acuminata and O.acuminata var.crispa,elucidate the factors affecting successful pollination,and provide theoretical and technical guidance for hybrid breeding between the two species.[Methods]Using O.acuminata and O.acuminata var.crispa as subjects,by observing their flowering dynamics,insect visitation behaviors,and measuring pollen viability,stigma receptivity,and hybrid compatibility index,the study investigated their pollination characteristics and hybrid compatibility.[Results]The flowering dynamics of O.acuminata and O.acuminata var.crispa were fundamentally similar,with each flower lasting 7-11 h.The main pollinating insects include Episyrphus balteatus and Apis cerana.The vitality of the pollen and the receptivity of the stigma both showed an initial increase followed by a decrease.The peak pollen viabilities for O.acuminata and O.acuminata var.crispa were 88.27%and 88.34%,respectively,and the stigmas were all the highest at anthesis Ⅱ. The fruit set rates for direct and reciprocal crosses were 85.71% and 91.33%, respectively, with hybrid compatibility indices both greater than 53. The average number of seeds per fruit for self-polli-nation were 54 and 69, respectively, and for direct and reciprocal crosses, 73 and 71, respectively. The seed germination rates for self-pollination were 71.7% and 27.3%, respectively, and for direct and recip-rocal crosses, 22.6% and 19.7%, respectively. [Conclusion] The flowering dynamics of O. acuminata and O. acuminata var. crispa are fundamentally similar, with each having a short flowering period. There are fewer types of pollinating insects, which affects sexual reproduction, yet there is no significant evidence of hybrid incompatibility.