汉长安城武库出土铠甲片与铁铤的制作工艺研究

Research on the Manufacturing Techniques of Iron-Copper Bimetallic Layers in Iron Armors and Iron Tang of Arrowheads from the Wuku(Arsenal)Site in the Han Chang’an Capital

汉长安城武库遗址出土了大批西汉铁器,其中铠甲片、金属镞出土数量丰富,种类繁多。本文系统分析了24件铠甲片与17件残镞铁铤,发现残铁铤既包括铜镞之铤,也存在铁镞之铤,且存在不同的接铸顺序;所分析的铠甲片属于铜铁复合器,与铜镞之铤均存在超薄的夹铜层结构。依据两者微观结构特征,本文进一步认为具有铜铁复合架构的铠甲片是由这些铜镞之残铤经退火、锻打制成,且铠甲片的整个加工流程应完成于武库内,因此武库除屯藏兵备的职能外,还具有铁器锻造成型、加工的功能。

This research conducted metallography and SEM-EDS analysis of 24 armour pieces and 17 tangs excavated from the Wuku site in Han Chang’an City,Shaanxi Province.Results show that 24 iron armour pieces are formed by forging,and each piece embraces couple of special sandwich bronze layers inside from the microscopic perspective.16 iron tangs belong to bronze arrows or iron arrows,which head and tang were connected through casting,and a few bronzes could be left in the tangs.Therefore,the tang with a small bronze pipe inside would be transformed into the mentioned iron amour piece after smithing.In addition,the entire production of the armour and the recycle of the iron tangs took place in the Wuku site,which means Wuku was not only an arsenal where managers stored multiple kinds of the military equipment,but also an iron workshop where artisans forged,drilled,polished,and assembled the armour.