再论滕尼斯“共同体”理论的中国化——以杨懋春“集镇区”概念的提出为考察中心

Revisiting the Adapting F.Tönnies’Gemeinschaft Theory to the Chinese Context:Taking YANG Mao-chun’s Proposal of Concept of“Market Town District”as the Focus of Investigation

滕尼斯“共同体”理论中国化问题有着重要的当代意义,有必要依托新的案例进行再论和新的阐述。杨懋春“集镇区”概念的提出,意在共同性因素与地域性因素并重,既体现出滕尼斯“共同体”(gemeinschaft)理论对共同性的注重,也体现出帕克“社区”(community)理论对地域性的注重,不仅是帕克“社区”理论中国化的重要表现,也为推进滕尼斯“共同体”理论的中国化作出了特殊贡献。对杨懋春“集镇区”概念之提出进行梳理,对其独特而重要的学术意义及影响进行揭示,进一步印证并深化了“德文gemeinschaft(‘共同体’)概念的引入,与英语世界中community概念的引入和中文语境中‘社区’概念的提出有着复杂的‘交集’关系”的相关认识,也有助于滕尼斯“共同体”理论中国化问题的深入反思与澄清。

The issue of the adapting F.Tönnies’Gemeinschaft theory to the Chinese context is of great contempo-rary significance,and needs to be revisited and elaborated on the basis of new cases.The concept of“Market Town Dis-trict”proposed by YANG Mao-chun aims to emphasize both common factors and regional factors,reflecting both the fo-cus on common factors in Tennessee’s Gemeinschaft theory and the focus on regional factors in R.E.Park’s Community theory.It is not only an important manifestation of the adapting R.E.Park’s Community theory to the Chinese context,but also a special contribution to the adapting F.Tönnies’Gemeinschaft theory to the Chinese context.Sorting out Yang Mao-chun’s concept of“Market Town District”and its unique and important academic influence further confirms and deepens the understanding that“the introduction of the concept of gemeinschaft in German language,the introduction of the concept of community in the English-speaking world,as well as the proposal of concept of community in the Chinese context have a complex intersection relationship”,and also helps to clarify the issue of the adapting F.Tönnies’Gemein-schaft theory to the Chinese context.