张家口避暑气候舒适度分析

Analysis on climate comfort for summering in Zhangjiakou

基于1988—2018年张家口市及各县(区)14个国家级地面气象观测站夏季(6—8月)逐日平均气温、最高和最低气温、平均相对湿度和平均风速,计算体感温度,分析气候舒适度分布,并统计北京、石家庄高温日数及体感温度变化特征,从而对比分析张家口地区避暑旅游优势。结果表明:(1)张家口夏季平均气温变化范围为19.6~22.5℃,相对湿度范围为56%~72%,平均风速范围为1.8~2.5 m·s^(-1),气温、湿度、风较适宜,有利于避暑旅游活动的开展。(2)张家口地区夏季体感温度为19.0~23.0℃,随地形变化特征显著,坝上地区体感温度低于坝下地区。(3)除康保、沽源、张北外,张家口夏季大部分县(区)多数时间处于舒适范围内,7月是张家口夏季舒适日数最多的月份。(4)与石家庄、北京相比,张家口具有高温日数少、平均体感温度适宜和舒适日数比例高的优势。

Based on the daily average temperature,maximum/minimum temperature,average relative humidity,and average wind speed of 14 national meteorological observation stations in Zhangjiakou City and its counties(districts)in summer(from June to August)from 1988 to 2018,the apparent temperature is calculated and the distribution of climate comfort is analyzed.The number of high-temperature days and the variations of apparent temperature in Beijing and Shijiazhuang,and the advantages of summer tourism in Zhangjiakou are compared and analyzed.The results are listed below.(1)The average summer temperature in Zhangjiakou ranges from 19.6 to 22.5℃,relative humidity from 56%to 72%,and average wind speed from 1.8 to 2.5 m·s^(-1).The temperature,humidity,and wind are suitable for summer tourism.(2)The summer apparent temperature in Zhangjiakou fluctuates between 19.0 and 23.0℃,changing significantly with terrains.The apparent temperature at the height of 1400-1600 m above sea level is lower than that at 500-900 m.(3)Except for Kangbao,Guyuan,and Zhangbei,most counties(districts)in Zhangjiakou have most of their summer with meteorological elements in comfortable range.July is the month with the highest number of comfortable days in Zhangjiakou.(4)Compared with Shijiazhuang and Beijing,Zhangjiakou has the advantages of fewer high-temperature days,suitable average apparent temperature and a high proportion of comfortable days.