百香果设施栽培及土壤条件对果实品质的影响

Effects of Facility Cultivation and Soil Conditions on Fruit Quality of Passiflora edulis

为探明设施栽培及土壤条件差异对百香果果实品质的影响,本研究以主栽品种‘台农1号’为材料,测定设施及露地栽培条件下土壤理化性质及果实品质差异。发现,设施栽培条件下阳离子交换量、有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效钾含量均高于露地栽培,果实品质分析发现,设施栽培条件下果实色泽较浅,果形指数、可溶性固形物、还原糖、可滴定酸及Vc含量较露地高,总黄酮、柠檬酸、糖酸比及固酸比均低于露地栽培。进一步相关性分析结果表明:pH、有效磷可促进柠檬酸的积累,但对可溶性固形物、还原糖、可滴定酸、Vc积累有抑制作用,而土壤中有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效钾、阳离子交换量与之相反。设施栽培可提高百香果果实可溶性固形物及还原糖含量,且在果实发育期施用钾肥有利于提高果实品质,该结果为设施栽培及土壤养分条件对果实品质的调控机制提供理论依据。

This study aims to explore the effects of facility cultivation and soil conditions on the quality of Passiflora edulis fruit.The cultivar‘Tainong No.1’was used to determine the soil physical and chemical properties,as well as the differences of fruit quality under facility and open field cultivation.The results show that the cation exchange capacity,the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen and potassium were higher under the protected cultivation than those under the open field.The shallow color of fruit was also observed under protected cultivation.The better fruit quality was also achieved,such as the fruit shape index,the contents of soluble solids,reducing sugar,titratable acid and Vc.The total flavonoids,citric acid,sugar-acid ratio,and solid-acid ratio were lower than those under open cultivation.Further correlation analysis showed that pH and available phosphorus can be expected to promote the accumulation of citric acid,but inhibit the accumulation of soluble solids,reducing sugar,titratable acid and Vc.While the opposite trend was found in the soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available potassium and cation exchange capacity.The findings can provide a theoretical basis to regulate the facility cultivation and soil nutrient conditions for the better fruit quality.