贵州大沙河国家级自然保护区红腹锦鸡和红腹角雉活动节律研究

Activity Rhythm of Chrysolophus pictus and Tragopan temminckii in Guizhou Dashahe National Nature Reserve

贵州大沙河国家级自然保护区内有丰富的雉类资源,在贵州省乃至我国西南地区有一定的代表性。2016年1月8日—2020年4月25日,在大沙河保护区利用红外相机布设了99个固定相机位点,开展了红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)和红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)活动节律研究。研究结果显示:(1)红腹锦鸡和红腹角雉集群有显著差异,雌性群、雄性群和混合群3种集群方式高峰均在不同季节并具有一定规律性。(2)根据单因素方差分析结果显示,两种雉类日活动节律无显著差异(P>0.05),均主要在6:00—20:00进行活动,在早上和傍晚活动强度都相对较大,总体活动频率轨迹相似,但日活动最大频率在12:00—16:00时段有一定差异。(3)根据双因素方差分析结果显示,两种雉类年活动节律无显著差异(P>0.05),总体活动趋势相似,但红腹锦鸡活动高峰在冬末春初,红腹角雉活动高峰在秋季,两种雉类全年活动高峰不重叠。红腹锦鸡和红腹角雉通过错峰活动减少空间重叠,避免种间竞争,这种空间上的分化有利于二者的共存。

Pheasant has been one of the richest resources in the Guizhou Dashahe National Nature Reserve.This study aims to explore the behavioral activity rhythm of Chrysolophus pictus and Tragopan temminckii in this region.A representative sample was taken from the Guizhou Province in Southwest China from January 8,2016 to April 25,2020.A total of 99 sites were selected with the infrared camera technology.The results show that:1)There were the outstandingly different clusters between the two pheasants.The peak encounter rates of male,female and mixed clustering all occurred in the different seasons,indicating the large regularity.2)According to the one-factor ANOVA,both pheasants were the diurnal birds,where the activity time was mainly from 6:00 to 20:00.The frequent activities were observed in the morning and evening,particularly with the similar frequency trajectories of the overall activities.But there were some differences during 12:00pm to 16:00pm in the peaks of daily activity.3)Two-factor ANOVA results showed that there were no significant differences of annual activities between the two pheasants(P>0.05).The similar trends were found in the overall activity.Furthermore,the active time of the red-bellied Chrysolophus pictus was in late winter and early spring,whereas,Tragopan temminckii was mainly in autumn.Therefore,the staggered activity can be expected to reduce the spatial overlap and interspecific competition.In summary,the spatial differentiation can greatly contribute to the coexistence of two pheasants.