新西兰林业对贵州国家储备林建设的启示

Insights from New Zealand Forestry Mode for National Forest Reserves in Guizhou Province

辐射松(Pinus radiata)原产美国加利福尼亚及墨西哥的部分区域,在18世纪50年代,从美国引种到新西兰,经过200多年持续不断的选育,最终在20世纪80年代,被培育成为全世界人工集约化栽培和经营最为成功的树种,新西兰建立了从育种、培育、经营到加工的完整产业链。辐射松的森林培育已进入永续利用的发展阶段,并产生了巨大的经济生态及社会效益,使新西兰从一个木材短缺的国家一跃成为全世界主要的木材供应国,其珍贵的天然林资源也得到了完整的保护,成功走出了一条可持续发展之路。这种典型的森林分类经营策略一举双赢。新西兰辐射松集约化人工林的经营思路,为贵州省国家储备林建设提供了模板,即依托于单一树种进行高质量集约化的人工林经营是可行的、有效的,贵州在国家储备林的设计上应大胆创新,借鉴新西兰模式,实现林业产业的新跨越。

Radiata pine(Pinus radiata)is one species of pine trees that originate from California,USA and Mexico.The pine tree was first introduced into New Zealand from the United States in the 50s of the18th Century.It has been finally cultivated into one of the most successful tree species in the 80s of the 20th Century,after more than 200-years continuous breeding.A complete industrial chain has also been established from the breeding,silviculture,forest management and processing in New Zealand.A major timber supplier has been transformed into the sustainable development of radiata pine silviculture,particularly for the significant economic and social benefits in the world.The typical classification of forest can greatly contribute to the win-win strategy in the sustainable development of natural resources.The intensive plantation of radiata pine in New Zealand can also provide a template for the national reserve forest in Guizhou Province.It is also feasible to rely on a single tree species for the high-quality intensive plantation.Guizhou Province should learn from the New Zealand mode,in order to construct the national reserve forest in forestry industry.