3D打印多孔钛合金桩的粘接强度及粘接破坏模式和表面、粘接界面特征

Bonding strength,bonding failure mode,surface and bonding interface characteristics of 3D printed porous titanium alloy posts

目的 观察3D打印多孔钛合金桩的粘接强度及粘接破坏模式和表面、粘接界面特征,以期利用多孔结构的机械嵌合来提高金属桩核的粘接强度。方法 实验设计4组,A组选取10根预成纤维桩,扫描并获取三维数据,B、C、D组均使用A组获得的数据分别进行3D打印实心钛合金桩、3D打印多孔钛合金桩、氧化锆桩的设计与制作,将各组桩包埋、切片,使用万能力学实验机将桩从桩核树脂中推出,记录各组桩的粘接强度和粘接破坏模式,并用扫描电镜观察桩的表面、粘接界面特征。结果 A、B、C、D组粘接强度分别为(229.11±80.15)、(389.29±58.39)、(572.35±128.08)、(137.54±26.81)MPa,组间两两比较,P均<0.05。A、B、C、D组粘接界面破坏的例数分别为7、2、1、8例,粘接内部破坏的例数分别为0、1、3、0例,混合粘接破坏的例数分别为3、7、6、2例,组间两两比较,P均<0.05。A组扫描电镜下可见纤维桩表面大量排列紧密的纤维束,纤维桩与桩核树脂结合紧密;B组可见3D打印实心钛合金桩的表面有大量点状颗粒,点状颗粒间可见树脂嵌入,钛合金实心桩与桩核树脂结合紧密;C组可见3D打印多孔钛合金桩表面大量不规则空隙,桩的表面也存在大量点状颗粒,在颗粒间以及空隙间可见大量树脂嵌入,极大的增加了桩与桩核树脂的机械嵌合作用;D组可见氧化锆桩和表面相对平整,桩与桩核树脂结合紧密,机械嵌合明显少于前面三组。结论 与预成纤维桩、氧化锆桩和3D打印实心钛合金桩相比,使用3D打印技术制作的多孔钛合金桩,粘接强度有明显的提升,粘接破坏模式主要为混合粘接破坏,桩表面有大量不规则空隙及点状颗粒,在颗粒间及空隙间可见大量树脂嵌入,极大增加了桩与桩核树脂的机械嵌合作用。

Objective To observe the bonding strength,bonding failure mode,surface and bonding interface char-acteristics of 3D printed porous titanium alloy posts,in order to improve the bonding strength of metal posts by utilizing me-chanical interlocking of porous structures.Methods Four experimental groups were designed.In the group A,we se-lected 10 preformed fiber posts,scanned and obtained three-dimensional data.In the groups B,C,and D,we used the data obtained from group A to design and manufacture 3D printed solid titanium alloy posts,3D printed porous titanium alloy posts,and zirconia posts.The posts were embedded and sliced,and the posts were pushed out of the resin using a universal mechanical testing machine.The bonding strength and bonding failure mode of posts in each group were record-ed,and the surface and bonding interface characteristics of the posts were observed using a scanning electron micro-scope.Results The adhesive strengths of groups A,B,C,and D were(229.11±80.15),(389.29±58.39),(572.35±1280.8),and(137.54±26.81)MPa,respectively,with statistically significant difference between every two groups(all P<0.05).The numbers of cases of adhesive interface failure in the groups A,B,C,and D were 7,2,1,and 8,respectively;the numbers of cases of internal adhesive failure were 0,1,3,and 0,respectively;the numbers of cases of mixed adhesive failure were 3,7,6,and 2,respectively;there were statistically significant differences between every two groups(all P<0.05).Under the scanning electron microscope,in the group A,a large number of tightly arranged fi-ber bundles were seen on the surface of the fiber post,and the fiber post was tightly bonded to the post core resin;in the group B,there were a large number of spot-shaped particles on the surface of the 3D printed solid titanium alloy posts,with resin embedded between the spot-shaped particles,and the titanium alloy solid post was tightly bonded to the post-core res-in;in the group C,there were a large number of irregular voids on the surface of 3D printed porous titanium alloy posts,and there were also a large number of spot-shaped particles on the surface of the posts.A large amount of resin embedded was seen between the particles and the voids,greatly increasing the mechanical interlocking effect between the posts and the core resin;in the group D,the zirconia posts and surface were relatively flat,and the posts and core resin were tightly bonded,with significantly less mechanical interlocking than that of the previous three groups.Conclusions Compared with the preformed fiber posts,zirconia posts,and 3D printed solid titanium alloy posts,porous titanium alloy posts made using 3D printing technology have significantly improved bonding strength.The bonding failure mode is mainly the mixed bonding failure,with a large number of irregular voids and spot-shaped particles on the post surface.A large amount of res-in embedded can be seen between the particles and voids,greatly increasing the mechanical interlocking effect between the posts and the resin.