打顶时间和方式对烤烟经济性状和烟叶品质的影响

Effects of Topping Time and Method on Economic Traits and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为明确打顶时间及打顶方式对烟叶产量和品质的影响,设置打顶时间(现蕾打顶、中心花开放时打顶、盛花开放时打顶)及打顶方式(去除花器不带幼叶、去除花器带相邻的顶端2片幼叶、去除花器带相邻的顶端4片幼叶)的双因素试验,研究不同处理对烤烟‘云烟87’经济性状、物理特性、化学成分和感官质量的影响。结果表明,随着打顶时间的延迟,烤烟的上等烟比例、均价、产量、产值及评吸质量呈先增高后降低趋势,上部叶烟叶长度、厚度及叶面积质量增加,总氮和烟碱含量增加;随着打顶去除幼叶数量的增加,上等烟比例先增加后降低,产值先降低后增加,上、中、下部叶的烟叶长度、厚度及叶面积质量增加,中部叶的叶面积指数增加,烟碱、总糖及还原糖含量增加;在打顶时间及打顶方式的互作下,中心花开放时打顶不去除幼叶处理的经济性状最佳,现蕾打顶时去除花器带相邻的顶端4片幼叶的物理特性最佳,中心花开放时打顶去除花器带相邻的顶端2片幼叶的评吸质量最佳。因此,湖南稻茬烤烟‘云烟87’以中心花开放时打顶去除花器带相邻的顶端2片幼叶较为适宜。

In order to clarify the effects of topping time and topping method on the yield and quality of fluecured tobacco,a field experiment was carried out in Guiyang,Chenzhou.The experiment was the two-factor split-plot test,and set C1(topping at budding),C2(topping at the opening of the central flower),C3(topping at the opening of the full flower)and D1(removing the flower without young leaves),D2(removing the top adjacent 2 young leaves on the flower),D3(removing the top 4 adjacent young leaves on the flower).The effects of different treatments on the economic traits,physical characteristics,chemical composition and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco‘Yunyan 87’were analyzed.The results showed that with the delay of topping time,the proportion of superior tobacco,average price,yield,output value and smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco increased first and then decreased.The length,thickness and leaf area quality of upper leaves increased,and the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine increased.With the increase of young leaves removed by topping,the proportion of superior leaves increased first and then decreased,while the output value decreased first and then increased,and the length,thickness and leaf area quality of upper,middle and lower leaves increased,the leaf area index of middle leaves increased,and the contents of nicotine,total sugar and reducing sugar increased.Under the interaction of topping time and topping method,the economic traits of the treatment of topping without removing young leaves when the central flower was open were the best,the physical characteristics of the treatment of removing the top adjacent 4 young leaves on the flower when the bud was open were the best,and the sensory quality of the treatment of removing the top adjacent 2 young leaves on the flower when the central flower was open was the best.Therefore,it is more than suitable for‘Yunyan 87’to remove the top adjacent 2 young leaves on the flower when the central flower is open.