牛至精油的提取工艺优化及成分分析

Extraction Process Optimization and Component Analysis of Oregano Essential Oil

研究旨在优化传统水蒸气蒸馏和同时蒸馏萃取2种方法提取牛至草中精油的工艺条件。通过单因素和正交实验优化提取参数,并对精油进行GC/MS分析。结果表明,水蒸气蒸馏法和同时蒸馏萃取法2种方法的最佳提取工艺为盐基度1%,提取时间度1.5 h,料液比1:6,在该条件下提取得率分别为0.486 g/100 g和0.608 g/100 g。水蒸气蒸馏法所得精油中烷类16种、烯类6种、醇类4种、酚类3种、酮类1种,含量占比分别为74.366%、6.263%、1.245%、12.684%、0.449%;同时蒸馏萃取法所得精油中烷类20种、烯类9种、醇类5种、酚类3种、酮类1种,含量分别占比60.127%、12.597%、2.795%、22.147%、0.936%。同时蒸馏萃取得到的精油组分种类和主要抑菌成分的含量明显多于水蒸气蒸馏法所得精油组分种类和含量。主要抑菌成分百里香酚、伞花烃、γ-松油烯、香芹酚和α-水芹烯在水蒸气蒸馏所得精油中的含量分别为8.492%、3.286%、2.551%、2.143%和0.206%,在同时蒸馏萃取所得精油中的含量分别为13.925%、5.218%、4.509%、4.14%和0.36%。采用本研究所得最佳工艺所得精油得率高,可为企业生产制备牛至精油提供参考。

The study aims to optimize the extraction conditions of essential oil from Oregano by traditional steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction.The extraction parameters were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments,and the essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS.The results showed that the optimal extraction process combination of steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction was the basification of 1%,with extraction time for 1.5 h,solid-liquid ratio of 1:6.Under these conditions,the extraction rates of steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction were 0.486 g/100 g and 0.608 g/100 g,respectively.There were 16 kinds of alkanes,6 kinds of alkenes,4 kinds of alcohols,3 kinds of phenols and 1 kind of ketones in the oil obtained by steam distillation,the contents of which accounted for 74.366%,6.263%,1.245%,12.684%and 0.449%,respectively.20 kinds of alkanes,9 kinds of alkenes,5 kinds of alcohols,3 kinds of phenols and 1 kind of ketones were obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction,which accounted for 60.127%,12.597%,2.795%,22.147%and 0.936%,respectively.At the same time,the types and contents of main bacteriostatic components of essential oils obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction were significantly higher than those of conventional steam distillation.The contents of thymol,cymene,γ-terpinene,carvacrol andα-hydrocene in conventional steam distillation essential oils were 8.492%,3.286%,2.551%,2.143%and 0.206%,respectively.And those of simultaneous distillation-extraction were 13.925%,5.218%,4.509%,4.14%and 0.36%,respectively.This study can provide reference for the production and preparation of oregano essential oil.The optimum technology obtained in this study has the high yield of essential oil,which can provide reference for the production and preparation of oregano essential oil.