中国农业气象服务供需分析及效益评估研究

Supply and Demand Analysis and Benefit Evaluation of Agricultural Meteorological Services in China

为进一步了解农业气象服务需求和效益,采用2021—2022年全国农业气象服务需求和效益评估调查数据,通过统计分析从农业气象服务用户需求和服务供给两大维度,对农业气象服务产品内容、产品时效、服务形式以及服务渠道等内容的供需情况进行了对比分析研究,在此基础上,对农业气象服务贡献率和经济效益进行了测算。研究表明:(1)气象为农服务具有很强的决策服务属性,政府/行政机关或事业单位是当前的服务主体。种植业、农业保险、农业管理是当前气象为农服务的主要服务领域,特别是种植业。(2)农业用户对气象服务需求旺盛,绝大多数的农业气象产品能满足用户需求,少数产品在内容、时效、服务方式和渠道等方面与用户需求仍存在一定差距。(3)农业气象服务效益显著。农业气象服务贡献率为4.84%,全国农业气象服务效益值为3472.6亿元。在此基础上提出建议,以期为气象部门优化农业气象服务供给提供参考和支撑。

In order to further understand the demand and benefits of agricultural meteorological services,the supply and demand of agricultural meteorological service product content,product time effect,service form and service channel are compared and analyzed from the two dimensions of agricultural meteorological service user demand and service supply through statistical analysis,and the contribution rate and economic benefits of agricultural meteorological services are measured on this basis.The results show that:(1)meteorological service for agriculture has a strong decision-making service attribute,and the government/administrative agencies or institutions are the current service subjects.Planting,agricultural insurance and agricultural management are the main service areas of meteorology serving agriculture,especially planting.(2)Agricultural users have a strong demand for meteorological services,the vast majority of agricultural meteorological products can meet user needs,and a few products still have a certain gap with user needs in terms of content,timeliness,service methods and channels.(3)The benefits of agricultural meteorological services are remarkable.The contribution rate of agricultural meteorological services was 4.84%,and the benefit value of national agricultural meteorological services was 347.26 billion yuan.On this basis,four suggestions are put forward in order to provide reference and support for meteorological departments to optimize the supply of agricultural meteorological services.