以紫香无核葡萄为母本的胚培养技术研究

Study on embryo culture technique of‘Zixiang Seedless’grape as female parent

为了培育无核葡萄新种质,以无核葡萄品种紫香无核为母本,分别与无核葡萄品种火焰无核、无核白、黎明无核、美丽无核、克瑞森无核杂交,以杂交胚及紫香无核自然杂交胚为试材进行胚挽救试验,探索取样时期、父本基因型、培养基对胚发育率和萌发率的影响。结果表明,6个杂交组合的胚发育率和胚萌发率均在授粉后55 d接种时最高,即最佳取样时期为授粉后55 d。以火焰无核为父本的杂交胚的发育率(46.99%)和萌发率(32.53%)均高于除紫香无核自然杂交外的其余4个杂交组合。胚珠发育阶段,6个杂交组合在W1培养基(MS+0.3 g/L半胱氨酸+60 g/L蔗糖+7 g/L琼脂+3 g/L活性炭)中的胚发育率均最高。

In order to cultivate the new germplasm of seedless grape,the seedless grape variety‘Zixiang Seedless’was used as the female parent,and hybridized with the seedless varieties‘Flame Seedless’,‘Thompson Seedless’,‘Liming Seedless’,‘Beauty Seedless’and‘Crimson Seedless’respectively,with hybrid ovules and‘Zixiang Seedless’natural hybrid ovules as experimental materials for embryo rescue test,explore the sampling period,paternal genotype,the influence of embryo development rate and germination rate.The results showed that the embryo development rate and embryo germination rate of the six crosses were highest at 55 days after pollination,that is,the optimal sampling period was 55 days after pollination.The embryo development rate(46.99%)and germination rate(32.53%)of the hybrid embryos with‘Flame Seedless’as the male parent were higher than those of the other 4 hybrid combinations except‘Zixiang Seedless’.During the ovule development stage,the hybrid had the highest embryo development rate in W1 medium(MS+0.3 g/L cysteine+60 g/L sucrose+7 g/L agar+3 g/L activated carbon).