江陵马山楚墓出土绣罗单衣的“龙凤虎纹”骨式生成解析

Pattern Position and Structural Logic of the"Dragon,Phoenix,and Tiger Patterns"on the Embroidered Gauze Robe Unearthed from the Chu Tomb in Mashan,Jiangling

本文以江陵马山楚墓出土实物楚服—龙凤虎纹绣罗单衣纹样为样本,对“龙凤虎纹”图纹和骨式构成中的叙事性进行探究。研究表明在江陵马山楚墓出土的绣罗单衣“龙凤虎纹”的形态和骨式构成中隐含了楚人生命形态的转化观念以及灵魂超度的丧葬仪式。“龙凤虎纹”以刺绣形成纹样的动态过程和纹样次序所呈现的菱形骨式和灵鸟逐应龙纹的“亞”形骨式,来源于古人对天象的认知和数术的运用,展现了楚文化对“送死继生”生命主题的独特阐释,反映了战国时期楚人“逝者归西”“引魂入冥”“引魂升天”“生者追思”的生死仪式。

This study uses the patterns of Chu clothing unearthed from the Mashan Chu tomb in Jiangling—specifically the embroidered gauze robe with Loong,Foong,and Tiger Patterns(N9)—as a representative study object to explore the narrativity of the Loong,Foong,and Tiger Patterns and their structure framework.The study shows the form and structure of the Loong,Foong,and Tiger Patterns imply the Chu people’s concept of life transformation and the funeral ritual of soul transcendence.The dynamic process of forming the patterns through embroidery and the sequence of the final patterns,which presents a diamondshaped pattern structure and a‘Ya’-shaped pattern structure containing the Loong pattern with the spiritual bird,originates from the ancient people’s understanding of celestial phenomena and the application of numerology.It demonstrates the Chu culture’s unique interpretation of the life theme of“sending off the dead and continuing life,”reflecting the ascension process of the Chu people during the Warring States period,which includes“the deceased returning to the west,”“guiding the soul into the netherworld,”and“the living’s remembrance.”