朱熹“理”思想的天文考古学研究

Archaeological Study of Astronomy on Zhu Xi's Idea of"Li"

朱熹在构建其理学思想时存在着形而下的天文考古学维度。他的理气论实际上成为道、器之间的桥梁。朱熹坚信“道是统名,理是细目”,于是“理”虽然以形而上的方式存在,但它的形而下面向却也开始显现。“观象授时”的古老天文观,为他天理思想的合法性提供了形而下的证据。天时运行的稳定性构成了“理”存在的恒常性,这为“理”思想最终确立提供了理论铺垫。同时,两宋天文学在阴阳中由“向天乞食”到“向天乞生”思维的转变,这也为朱子理学由“天道论”向“性理论”的转变提供了契机。在“天理”问题上朱熹认为从天道到性理,“道”是基础,“理”是具体的发展样态,进而发展为气、器等形而下之物。在这个维度中,他的理学体系凸显着形而下的验证方法。

There was a metaphysical aspect in the archaeological study of astronomy in the Neo-Confucianism constructed by Zhu Xi.His theory of li(principle)and qi(vital force)actually served as a bridge between dao(law)and qi(an object).He firmly believed that"dao is a general term,while li is a specific item".As a result,although li exists in a metaphysical manner,its physical dimension also begins to emerge.The ancient astronomical concept of"observing celestial phenomena to determine the time"provided physical evidence for the legitimacy of his idea of natural law.The stability of the movement of natural time constitutes the permanence of the existence of"li",which laid a theoretical foundation for the final establishment of the idea of"li".Meanwhile,in the Song Dynasty's astronomy,the change of people's thinking from"begging for food from Heaven"to"begging for life from Heaven"in the context of yin and yang also presented an opportunity for Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism to change from"the theory of the way of heaven"to"the theory of human nature.On the issue of"natural law",Zhu Xi believed that from the way of heaven to the theory of human nature,"dao"served as the foundation,while"li"represented specific developmental forms,which further evolved into qi(vital force)and qi(an object),and other physical things.In this dimension,his Neo-Confucian system prominently featured a physical verification method.