考古学、历史学视野下的先秦陇西戎族地望研究

Location of the Rong Tribes in Longxi in the Pre-Qin Period from the Perspectives of Archaeology and History

戎族是先秦时期重要的部族,对先秦历史产生过重大影响,而陇西地区则是先秦时期戎族生活过的一个重要区域。通过梳理历史文献记载并结合考古资料分析可知,东周时期的陇西戎族主要有狄(翟)戎、豲戎、邽戎、冀戎、绵诸戎等,其活动范围在今甘肃天水、定西等地。具体来说,翟戎主要在定西临洮内,豲戎在定西陇西县内,冀戎在天水甘谷县内,邽戎在天水市区一带,绵诸戎在天水市清水县附近。对应考古发现,则马家塬、王洼、刘坪、长沟墓地可能与绵诸戎有关,墩坪、吴家门、张家岭墓地的族属可能是豲戎,毛家坪B组与冀戎有关。遗憾的是翟戎、邽戎目前并未发现能够与之对应的考古文化。

The Rong tribes were significant tribal groups in the pre-Qin period,exerting a major influence on the history of that era.The Longxi region was an important area where the Rong tribes lived during the pre-Qin period.Reviewing historical literature and analyzing archaeological data indicates that the main Rong tribes in Longxi during the Eastern Zhou period included the Di(Zhai)Rong,Huan Rong,Gui Rong,Ji Rong,and Mianzhu Rong.Their activities were concentrated in present-day Tianshui and Dingxi,Gansu Province.Specifically,the Zhai Rong were primarily located within Lintao,Dingxi,the Huan Rong in Longxi County,Dingxi,the Ji Rong in Gangu County,Tianshui,the Gui Rong in the urban area of Tianshui,and the Mianzhu Rong near Qingshui County,Tianshui.Corresponding archaeological discoveries indicate that the Majiayuan,Wangwa,Liuping,and Changgou tombs may be related to the Mianzhu Rong,the Dunping,Wujiamen,and Zhangjialing tombs may belong to the Huan Rong,and the Maojiaping B Group is associated with the Ji Rong.Unfortunately,no archaeological cultures corresponding to the Zhai Rong and Gui Rong have been discovered thus far.