异种器官移植配型现状及解决思路

Current status and solutions of xenotransplantation matching

器官移植术前配型是器官移植成功与否的关键,当前的异种器官移植术前配型方法源于人类同种异体器官移植,但方法简单,不能准确预判移植术后是否会发生排斥反应。异种器官移植的一个显著特点是供体来源稳定、基因型明确,因此取材方便,可重复性强。充分利用异种器官移植中供体可控的优势,在完善传统细胞学配型基础上,拓展组织水平配型手段,重视内皮细胞在配型中的作用,开发器官水平配型方法,通过多环节、多维度的术前配型有利于精确筛选出合适的供体,有利于减少异种器官移植术后排斥反应的发生。为此,本文从同种异体器官移植配型方法,当前异种器官移植配型方法、存在问题及可能的突破点进行综述,以期为异种器官移植配型的进一步研究提供参考。

Effective preoperative matching of organ transplantation is essential for the success of organ transplantation.The current methods of preoperative matching for xenotransplantation are derived from human allogeneic organ transplantation.However,these methods are simple and cannot accurately predict whether rejection will occur after transplantation.A noteworthy feature of xenotransplantation lies in the stability of the donor source and the clarity of its genotype,which facilitate convenient sampling and ensure robust repeatability.The multi-link and multi-dimensional preoperative matching is conducive to accurately screening suitable donors and reducing the occurrence of postoperative rejection after xenotransplantation,including making full use of the advantages of donor control in xenotransplantation,expanding tissue level matching methods on the basis of improving traditional cytological matching,paying attention to the role of endothelial cells in matching,and developing organic-level matching methods.Therefore,this article reviews the methods of allogeneic organ transplantation matching,current methods,existing problems and possible breakthroughs of xenotransplantation matching,in order to provide reference for further research on xenotransplantation matching.